Courtney L. Merriam Week 6

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Purpose

The purpose of this experiment was to communicate the results of our research in a scientific presentation with a clear and consistent message along with making and practicing the presentation with our partners. Also to determine if virus copy number correlated with diversity and divergence while using Biology Workbench to illustrate findings.

Methods and Results

  1. Choose final subjects/visits for research analysis
  2. Answer your research question from Week 4 using the bioinformatics tools with which you practiced during the in-class activities for Weeks 3 and 4.
    • Create a multiple sequence alignment and tree using ClustalW.
    • Also use one of the statistics, S, θ, or the Min and Max distances (or some other statistic mentioned in the Markham et al. (1998) paper).
  3. Use the annotated bibliography from this week to interpret your results in light of the data in the more recent papers you found.
  4. Prepare a presentation that you will give in class for Week 7 (October 11) showing the results.
    • The presentation will be 15 minutes long (approximately 15 slides, one per minute). Include:
      1. Title slide
      2. Outline slide
      3. Background that led to the research question (provide some summary of the Markham et al. 1998 article for this)
      4. The research question
      5. How we answered our question, method/results
      6. Interpretation of the results and answer to the research question
      7. Discussion and interpretation of the results

Data and Files

Progressors Grouping for our analysis:


Statistical Data of our grouping of Progressors and Nonprogressors:




PowerPoint Presentation

Conclusion

This week's project was slightly frustrating because the experiments Avery and I conducted showed no real significance in the data. We hypothesized that subjects with similar viral load numbers would have low genetic diversity, theta, and S levels. However, the data reflected that this is not the case. However, what is important to take away is that just paying attention to viral load number is not a dependable way to determine genetic diversity, and that is telling information in itself. From this, we know that to proceed we have to find a different way to track and understand genetic diversity of the virus across subjects.

Acknowledgments

I collaborated with Avery Vernon-Moore and Kam D. Dahlquist in class on this assignment. While I worked with the people noted above, this individual journal entry was completed by me and not copied from another source. Courtney L. Merriam 22:20, 4 October 2016 (EDT):

References

CLUSTAL W: Julie D. Thompson, Desmond G. Higgins and Toby J. Gibson, modified; any errors are due to the modifications. PHYLIP: Felsenstein, J. 1993. PHYLIP (Phylogeny Inference Package) version 3.5c. Distributed by the author. Department of Genetics, University of Washington, Seattle.

Markham, R.B., Wang, W.C., Weisstein, A.E., Wang, Z., Munoz, A., Templeton, A., Margolick, J., Vlahov, D., Quinn, T., Farzadegan, H., & Yu, X.F. (1998). Patterns of HIV-1 evolution in individuals with differing rates of CD4 T cell decline. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 95, 12568-12573. doi: 10.1073/pnas.95.21.12568 Nguyen, S., Ramos, A., Chang, J., Li, B., Shanmugam, V., Boeras, D., ... & Ellenberger, D. (2015). Monitoring the quality of HIV-1 viral load testing through a proficiency testing program using dried tube specimens in resource-limited settings. Journal of clinical microbiology, 53(4), 1129-1136. Doi: 10.1128/JCM.02780-14

Rinaldo, C., Huang, X. L., Fan, Z. F., Ding, M., Beltz, L., Logar, A., … Cottrill, M. (1995). High levels of anti-human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) memory cytotoxic T-lymphocyte activity and low viral load are associated with lack of disease in HIV-1-infected long-term nonprogressors. Journal of Virology, 69(9), 5838–5842.

Sigma (Sum) Calculator. (n.d.). Retrieved October 04, 2016, from https://www.mathsisfun.com/numbers/sigma-calculator.html

Useful Links

Courtney L. Merriam

Clas Page: Bioinformatics Laboratory

Weekly Assignments Individual Journal Assignments Shared Journal Assignments
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