BME100 f2016:Group1 W8AM L6

BME 100 Fall 2016	Home People Lab Write-Up 1 | Lab Write-Up 2 | Lab Write-Up 3 Lab Write-Up 4 | Lab Write-Up 5 | Lab Write-Up 6 Course Logistics For Instructors Photos Wiki Editing Help
OUR COMPANY Name: Audriana Sedmak Name: Benjamin Robles Name: Emma Rodriguez Name: Mitchell Miranda Name: Spencer Brimley AMBES LAB 6 WRITE-UP Bayesian Statistics Overview of the Original Diagnosis System BME 100 tested 34 patients for the disease-associated SNP by giving 17 groups of 6 students each 2 patients to test. Each group was responsible for testing the samples of DNA from their patients and calculating the DNA concentration in ug/ml of the DNA samples. The DNA had to be run through a PCR machine after a PCR reaction mix was added. This replicates the specific strand of DNA code being tested for in the experiment. Syber-green chemical is added to the samples of DNA and then observed together through a blue LED light. Syber-green reacts with the DNA strand being tested for, and glows in the blue LED light if it is positive. The strength of the glow depends on the concentration of the DNA, thus DNA samples of known concentration were tested and used to create a calibration curve. The patients’ DNA samples were compared to this calibration curve and the concentration was calculated. The concentration as well as the visual “glowing” verses “not glowing” results when the sample was in the pathway of the blue LED light lead to the results of either positive or negative for the patient’s DNA results. Each sample of DNA was tested 3 times, and multiple images of each sample in the blue LED light were taken to ensure that the most accurate results were collected. When all 17 groups compared data, the test showed to have a 48.7% chance of being positive, and a 51.3% chance of being negative. However, a positive result in one test of the patient’s DNA had a 86.8% chance of a positive overall PCR result and a negative result of one test had a 90.0% chance of a negative overall result. Since the percentages were not 100%, meaning 100% accurate, running more tests increases the certainty of the results of the lab. Errors could have occurred at every stage in the process of testing the samples, hence why there is not 100% certainty in the results, however the uncertainty is minimized by doing multiple tests. What Bayes Statistics Imply about This Diagnostic Approach The first calculation is regarding the accuracy of the positive test results. The value we got was close to 85%, meaning that if a patient gets a positive test result, there is only an 85% chance that this result is accurate. The second calculation, concerning the negative results, were about 10% more accurate, so if a negative result is found, there is about a 95% chance this is accurate. The third and fourth calculations are regarding the percentage of patients that receive a positive test result actually developing the disease. For positive results, our accuracy was only about 63%, meaning that even though a big percentage of the positive results were false positives. The negative results were more accurate by about 20%, so again the negative results were more accurate than the positive. One of the main flaws in the design were using different cameras for every group, resulting in both different photo formats and different resolutions of pictures. Because the equipment was not standardized, the results also varied. Another flaw could've been different camera positions, since the phone was positioned by hand the reflection of the light into the camera could've come in at different angles, resulting in different light densities. A third flaw could've been smudges on the camera lenses, which would have caused less light to enter the lens, which also could've skewed the data. Intro to Computer-Aided Design 3D Modeling The software we used to design our product was TinkerCAD. TinkerCAD has a plethora of features that make it more user-friendly than SOLIDWORKS without sacrificing accuracy. One of the first features we noticed was that when rotating objects, it showed the exact angle that the object was being rotated, which allowed us to be very accurate when adding the pieces together. We also used the website Thingiverse both for the Open PCR box and the Specphone design from the community there. This type of open community is truly the best way of sharing innovations. One other advantage of TinkerCAD was that the controls were more standardized than SOLIDWORKS, and so anyone with 3D modeling experience immediately feels comfortable using it. It's really a great program, and its free! Our Design This design will allow for a much more consistent set-up than the previous design. With this, the phone is held in place and so will maintain an exact distance and aim at the samples every time as a blue LED light is shown through each sample. This is an improvement of the PCR machine itself, mainly improving on the materials used to construct the machine. This design will be made from heat-resistant plastic rather than wood, as traditional PCR machines are currently made from, to prevent any accidents from occurring and allowing a lighter weight. Feature 1: Consumables Upon examining the consumables aspect of the PCR process there were a few things that could have been done differently. There was a lot of waste with the micro pipette tips. If the tips of the micro pipette tips were biodegradable then the waste aspect here could be resolved. Also resolving the issue the tubes containing reagents and the cuvettes are two different things. If there was a heat resistant cuvette this could be used for the entire process of PCR instead of over using materials. Feature 2: Hardware - PCR Machine & Fluorimeter For the fluorimeter, we will be using the Specphone design, which keeps everything in place and allows for a light to be shined through the sample material and into the phone's camera lens. This will take the place of the stand-and-box design that we used last time to keep light out and hold the camera in place. The open PCR machine will remain the same in terms of hardware, but the case will be made from heat-resistant plastic for lighter weight and to avoid fires from happening if something goes wrong with the heating element inside.