The following values were used to run a heating & cooling program on the thermal cycler.
HEATED LID: 100°C
INITIAL STEP: 95°C for 2 minutes
NUMBER OF CYCLES: 35
Denature at 95°C for 30 seconds
Anneal at 57°C for 30 seconds
Extend at 72°C for 30 seconds
FINAL STEP: 72°C for 2 minutes
FINAL HOLD: 4°C
Research and Development
Part 1-
The Function of Each Component of a PCR reaction-
Template DNA- This provides a set of nucleotides for the primers to bond to and then to be replicated.
Primers-These sets of nucleotides bind to the template DNA and begin the replication process.
Taq Polymerase- This enzyme combines nucleotides to make a new strand of DNA which replicates the template strand
Deoxyribonucleotides (dNTP's)- These are the building blocks for each DNA strand. These are combined to form new strands of the selected DNA.
Part 2-
The Steps of Thermal Cycling-
Initial step: 95°C for 3 minutes-
Denature at 95°C for 30 seconds-
Anneal at 57°C for 30 seconds-
Extend at 72°C for 30 seconds-
Final step: 72°C for 3 minutes-
Final hold: 4°C-
Part 3-
DNA is made up of four types of molecules called nucleotides, designated as A, T, C and G. Base pairing, driven by hydrogen bonding, allows base pairs to stick together.
Adenine anneals to Thymine
Thymine anneals to Adenine
Cytosine anneals to Guanine
Guanine anneals to Cytosine
Part 4- Base pairing occurs during the Annealing and Primer Extension phases