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Lab 7: Vertebrate Anatomy: Difference between revisions
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→Digestive, Urogenital, Circulatory and Respiratory Anatomy of the Fetal Pig
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The urinary system (which is responsible for the excretion of urine) and the genital (reproductive) systems have little functional similarity. However, the two systems share some aspects of embryological development as well as some ducts. As a result they are often considered together. To see these structures, you will need to push aside the abdominal digestive organs, in particular the large and small intestine.<br><br> | The urinary system (which is responsible for the excretion of urine) and the genital (reproductive) systems have little functional similarity. However, the two systems share some aspects of embryological development as well as some ducts. As a result they are often considered together. To see these structures, you will need to push aside the abdominal digestive organs, in particular the large and small intestine.<br><br> | ||
'''Excretory Structures.''' The paired <u>kidneys</u> lie on either side of the vertebral column, on the dorsal wall of the abdomen. They are the site of urine production, and are supplied with blood by the renal arteries. They lie outside the body cavity (retroperitoneal) and are covered by a layer of connective tissue, which you will need to remove to see them clearly.<br> | '''Excretory Structures.''' The paired <u>kidneys</u> lie on either side of the vertebral column, on the dorsal wall of the abdomen. They are the site of urine production, and are supplied with blood by the renal arteries and drained by the renal veins. They lie outside the body cavity (retroperitoneal) and are covered by a layer of connective tissue, which you will need to remove to see them clearly.<br> | ||
Urine is transported from the kidneys by the <u>ureters</u> to the <u>urinary bladder</u> where it is stored. The ureters exit from the center of each kidney, and join the urinary bladder at its base.<br> | Urine is transported from the kidneys by the <u>ureters</u> to the <u>urinary bladder</u> where it is stored. The position of the bladder between the umbilical arteries is a good landmark to learn. The ureters exit from the center of each kidney, and join the urinary bladder at its base.<br> | ||
Urine exits from the bladder via the <u>urethra</u>. To view the next few organs you will need to remove the pubic bone; ask your instructor if you are not sure what to do. In the female the urethra lies ventral to the vagina and voids urine via the urogenital sinus to the exterior. In the male the urethra enters the penis posteriorly and voids urine via the urogenital canal and the urogenital opening at the tip of the penis. <br> | Urine exits from the bladder via the <u>urethra</u>. To view the next few organs you will need to remove the pubic bone; ask your instructor if you are not sure what to do. In the female the urethra lies ventral to the vagina and voids urine via the urogenital sinus to the exterior. In the male the urethra enters the penis posteriorly and voids urine via the urogenital canal and the urogenital opening at the tip of the penis. <br> | ||
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'''Reproductive Structures.''' In the female, eggs mature in the small <u>ovaries</u>, which are located near the kidneys. Mature egg(s) enter the <u>oviducts</u> and are connected to the <u>uterus</u> by two <u>uterine horns</u>. Development of the multiple fetuses occurs in the horns rather than in the main body of the uterus formed from the union of the horns posteriorly. The <u>vagina</u> continues posteriorly from the uterus, lying dorsal to the urethra.<br><br> | '''Reproductive Structures.''' In the female, eggs mature in the small <u>ovaries</u>, which are located near the kidneys. Mature egg(s) enter the <u>oviducts</u> and are connected to the <u>uterus</u> by two <u>uterine horns</u>. Development of the multiple fetuses occurs in the horns rather than in the main body of the uterus formed from the union of the horns posteriorly. The <u>vagina</u> continues posteriorly from the uterus, lying dorsal to the urethra.<br><br> | ||
In the male, each <u>testis</u> is located within a pouch, which is enclosed in the scrotum, an exterior sac ventral to the anus. Sperm, which mature in the testis, leave via the coiled epididymus and the delicate <u>vas deferens</u> (also known as the ductus deferens). The vas deferens enters the abdominal cavity via the inguinal canal. The vas deferens from each side, then join the <u>urethra</u>, which leads to the <u>urogenital canal</u> within the <u>penis</u>. | In the male, each <u>testis</u> is located within a pouch, which is enclosed in the <u>scrotum</u>, an exterior sac ventral to the anus. Sperm, which mature in the testis, leave via the coiled epididymus and the delicate <u>vas deferens</u> (also known as the ductus deferens). The vas deferens enters the abdominal cavity via the inguinal canal. The vas deferens from each side, then join the <u>urethra</u>, which leads to the <u>urogenital canal</u> within the <u>penis</u>. | ||
<center>[[Image:111F11PigReproductive.jpg|600px]]</center><br> | <center>[[Image:111F11PigReproductive.jpg|600px]]</center><br> | ||
<center>Fig.7.2. The male (left) and female (right) reproductive system of the pig in lateral view. Image modified from: Thompson, L. H. Circular 1190 University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. http://www.aces.uiuc.edu/vista/html_pubs/pigs/pigs.htm#ill.</center><br> | <center>Fig.7.2. The male (left) and female (right) reproductive system of the pig in lateral view. Image modified from: Thompson, L. H. Circular 1190 University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. http://www.aces.uiuc.edu/vista/html_pubs/pigs/pigs.htm#ill.</center><br> | ||
