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Lab 7: Vertebrate Anatomy: Difference between revisions
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→Comparative Adult Anatomy of Systems in Vertebrates
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7. Cloaca (perch, mudpuppy, and rattlesnake - Note that these animals have an anal opening within the cloaca.)<br> | 7. Cloaca (perch, mudpuppy, and rattlesnake - Note that these animals have an anal opening within the cloaca.)<br> | ||
8. Anus (rabbit)<br> | 8. Anus (rabbit)<br> | ||
9. Liver | 9. Liver <BR> | ||
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Observe the skulls and teeth of the animals. What role do the teeth or jaw play in feeding? Do any of the organisms with teeth suggest specific teeth functions such as grinding, tearing, chewing, cutting etc?<br> | Observe the skulls and teeth of the animals. What role do the teeth or jaw play in feeding? Do any of the organisms with teeth suggest specific teeth functions such as grinding, tearing, chewing, cutting etc?<br> | ||
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Note the clear, membranous balloon-like structure in the body cavity of the perch. It is not pinned since it would break if a sharp structure is stuck into it. This structure is called the swim bladder, and it is formed by an outpocketing of the digestive system. However, it does not serve a role in the digestive tract. What do you think is the function of the swim bladder? (Hint: Think of the environment in which you would find a perch!)<BR> | Note the clear, membranous balloon-like structure in the body cavity of the perch. It is not pinned since it would break if a sharp structure is stuck into it. This structure is called the swim bladder, and it is formed by an outpocketing of the digestive system. However, it does not serve a role in the digestive tract. What do you think is the function of the swim bladder? (Hint: Think of the environment in which you would find a perch!)<BR> | ||
Overall, how do you think length/complexity of the digestive tract is related to diet? | Overall, how do you think length/complexity of the digestive tract is related to diet? <br> | ||
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8. Kidney (one of two pinned in the perch, Necturus, rattlesnake, rabbit)<br> | 8. Kidney (one of two pinned in the perch, Necturus, rattlesnake, rabbit)<br> | ||
Reproductive system: Most snakes lay eggs but pit vipers, including the rattlesnake, keep the eggs inside the body releasing live young. If animals bear live young, where are they "housed" while they undergo embryological development? What is the source of nutrition during development for each of the organisms? How is mode of fertilization tied to the site of embryological development | Reproductive system: Most snakes lay eggs but pit vipers, including the rattlesnake, keep the eggs inside the body releasing live young. How might egg laying compared to bearing live young be reflected in the reproductive system? If animals bear live young, where are they "housed" while they undergo embryological development? What is the source of nutrition during development for each of the organisms? How is mode of fertilization tied to the site of embryological development? Is the number of offspring affected by the method of reproduction?<BR> | ||
Urinary system: Organisms must remove nitrogenous wastes in the form of uric acid (solid), ammonia (gas), or urea (liquid). Humans and other mammals excrete urea, a non-toxic waste product, while fish secrete ammonia and many reptiles and birds excrete uric acid. | <BR> | ||
Follow the path of liquid waste production (kidney to urinary bladder (if present) to the urethra or cloaca). | Urinary system: Organisms must remove nitrogenous wastes in the form of uric acid (solid), ammonia (gas), or urea (liquid). Humans and other mammals excrete urea, a non-toxic waste product, while fish secrete ammonia and many reptiles and birds excrete uric acid. Follow the path of liquid or solid waste production (kidney to urinary bladder (if present) to the urethra or cloaca). What is the difference between a urogenital canal and a cloaca? <br> | ||
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