BioNumbersDB
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bion_id property organism value range units
1 Cell length Bacteria Escherichia coli 2 microns
2 Cell diameter Bacteria Escherichia coli 0.8 microns
3 Cell total volume Bacteria Escherichia coli 1 um3
4 Cell total volume Bacteria Escherichia coli 1.12E-18 0.44-1.79*10^-18 m3
5 Cell aqueous volume Bacteria Escherichia coli 0.7 um3
6 Cell surface area Bacteria Escherichia coli 6 um2
7 Cell wet weight Bacteria Escherichia coli 1 pg
8 Cell dry weight Bacteria Escherichia coli 0.3 pg
9 Cell dry weight Bacteria Escherichia coli 0.64 pg
10 Periplasm volume Bacteria Escherichia coli 0.065 fL
11 Cytoplasm volume Bacteria Escherichia coli 0.67 fL
12 Envelope volume Bacteria Escherichia coli 0.16 fL
13 Nuclear (DNA+protein) volume Bacteria Escherichia coli 0.16 fL
14 Inner Membrane thickness Bacteria Escherichia coli 8 nm
15 Outer Membrane thickness Bacteria Escherichia coli 11.5 8 to 15 nm
16 Periplasm thickness Bacteria Escherichia coli 10 nm
17 Average size of protein Bacteria Escherichia coli 360 aa
18 Average diameter of ave. protein Bacteria Escherichia coli 5 nm
19 Average MW of protein Bacteria Escherichia coli 40 kDalton
20 Average prot. oligomerization state Bacteria Escherichia coli 4 proteins/complex
21 Average MW of protein entity Bacteria Escherichia coli 160 kDalton
22 Average size of mRNA Bacteria Escherichia coli 1100 bp
23 Average length of mRNA Bacteria Escherichia coli 370 nm
24 Average MW of all RNAs Bacteria Escherichia coli 400 kDalton
25 Average MW of single DNA Bacteria Escherichia coli 3000000 kDalton
26 Average MW of all DNA Bacteria Escherichia coli 7000000 kDalton
27 Average length of DNA (chrom.) Bacteria Escherichia coli 1.55 mm
28 Diameter of chromosome Bacteria Escherichia coli 490 micron
29 Diameter of condensed chromosome Bacteria Escherichia coli 17 micron
30 Spacing between small organics Bacteria Escherichia coli 3.6 nm/molecule
31 Spacing between ions Bacteria Escherichia coli 2.1 nm/molecule
32 Ave. spacing between proteins Bacteria Escherichia coli 7 nm/molecule
33 Spacing between protein entities Bacteria Escherichia coli 9 nm/molecule
34 Mean Velocity of 70 kD protein (cytoplasm) Bacteria Escherichia coli 3 nm/ms
35 Mean Velocity of 40 kD protein (cytoplasm) Bacteria Escherichia coli 5 nm/ms
36 Mean Velocity of 30 kD protein (cytoplasm) Bacteria Escherichia coli 7 nm/ms
37 Mean Velocity of 14 kD protein (cytoplasm) Bacteria Escherichia coli 10 nm/ms
38 Mean Velocity of small molecules (cytoplasm) Bacteria Escherichia coli 50 nm/ms
39 Mean Velocity of protein in H2O Bacteria Escherichia coli 27 nm/ms
40 Mean Velocity of small molecules in H2O Bacteria Escherichia coli 87 nm/ms
41 Concentration of protein in cell Bacteria Escherichia coli 260 200-320 mg/ml
42 Concentration of RNA in cell Bacteria Escherichia coli 97.5 75-120 mg/ml
43 Concentration of DNA in cell Bacteria Escherichia coli 14.5 18-Nov mg/ml
44 Volume occupied by water Bacteria Escherichia coli 70 Percent
45 Volume occupied by protein Bacteria Escherichia coli 17 Percent
46 Volume occupied by all RNA Bacteria Escherichia coli 6 Percent
47 Volume occupied by rRNA Bacteria Escherichia coli 5 Percent
48 Volume occupied by tRNA Bacteria Escherichia coli 0.8 Percent
49 Volume occupied by mRNA Bacteria Escherichia coli 0.2 Percent
50 Volume occupied by DNA Bacteria Escherichia coli 1 Percent
51 Volume occupied by ribosomes Bacteria Escherichia coli 8 Percent
52 Volume occupied by lipid Bacteria Escherichia coli 3 Percent
53 Volume occupied by LPS Bacteria Escherichia coli 1 Percent
54 Volume occupied by murein Bacteria Escherichia coli 1 Percent
55 Volume occupied by glycogen Bacteria Escherichia coli 1 Percent
56 Volume occupied by ions Bacteria Escherichia coli 0.3 Percent
57 Volume occupied by small organics Bacteria Escherichia coli 1 Percent
58 Translation rate Bacteria Escherichia coli 40 aa/sec
59 Translation rate Bacteria Escherichia coli 20 aa/sec
60 RNA polymerase transcription rate Bacteria Escherichia coli 70 nt/sec
61 Number of cell walls/cell Bacteria Escherichia coli 1 Unitless
62 Number of membranes/cell Bacteria Escherichia coli 2 Unitless
63 Number of chromosomes/cell Bacteria Escherichia coli 2.3 Unitless
64 Number of mRNA/cell Bacteria Escherichia coli 4000 Unitless
65 Number of rRNA/cell Bacteria Escherichia coli 18000 Unitless
66 Number of tRNA/cell Bacteria Escherichia coli 200000 Unitless
67 Number of all RNA/cell Bacteria Escherichia coli 222000 Unitless
68 Number of polysaccharides/cell Bacteria Escherichia coli 39000 Unitless
69 Number of murein molecules/cell Bacteria Escherichia coli 470000 240,000-700,000 Unitless
70 Number of lipopolysaccharide/cell Bacteria Escherichia coli 600000 Unitless
71 Number of lipids/cell Bacteria Escherichia coli 25000000 Unitless
72 Number of all lipids/cell Bacteria Escherichia coli 25000000 Unitless
73 Number of phosphatidylethanolamine Bacteria Escherichia coli 18500000 Unitless
74 Number of phosphatidylglycerol Bacteria Escherichia coli 5000000 Unitless
75 Number of cardiolipin Bacteria Escherichia coli 1200000 Unitless
76 Number of phosphatidylserine Bacteria Escherichia coli 500000 Unitless
77 Number of LPS (MW = 10kD) Bacteria Escherichia coli 600000 Unitless
78 Average SA of lipid molecule Bacteria Escherichia coli 25 Ang2
79 Fraction of lipid bilayer=lipid Bacteria Escherichia coli 40 Percent
80 Fraction of lipid bilayer=protein Bacteria Escherichia coli 60 Percent
81 Number of outer membrane proteins Bacteria Escherichia coli 300000 Unitless
82 Number of porins (subset of OM) Bacteria Escherichia coli 60000 Unitless
83 Number of lipoproteins (OM) Bacteria Escherichia coli 240000 Unitless
84 Number of inner membrane proteins Bacteria Escherichia coli 200000 Unitless
85 Number of nuclear proteins Bacteria Escherichia coli 100000 Unitless
86 Number of cytoplasmic proteins Bacteria Escherichia coli 1000000 Unitless
87 Number of ribosomal proteins Bacteria Escherichia coli 900000 Unitless
88 Number of periplasmic proteins Bacteria Escherichia coli 80000 Unitless
89 Number of all proteins in cell Bacteria Escherichia coli 2600000 Unitless
90 Number of all proteins in cell in amino acids Bacteria Escherichia coli 1890000000 amino acids
91 Time to replicate the chromosome Bacteria Escherichia coli 53.5 40-67 Minutes
92 Average distance between ribosomes on mRNA Bacteria Escherichia coli 60 41-79 nucleotides
93 Number of external proteins (flag/pili) Bacteria Escherichia coli 1000000 Unitless
94 Number of all proteins Bacteria Escherichia coli 3600000 Unitless
95 Number of protein types to make flagella Bacteria Escherichia coli 42 Unitless
96 Length of flagella Bacteria Escherichia coli 15 20-Oct microns
97 Diameter of flagella Bacteria Escherichia coli 25 nm
98 Number of protofilaments in flagellum Bacteria Escherichia coli 11 Unitless
99 Diameter of each fliC monomer Bacteria Escherichia coli 5 nm
100 Number of fliC monomers in filament Bacteria Escherichia coli 33000 Unitless
101 Number of flagella/cell Bacteria Escherichia coli 10 Unitless
102 Number of fliC proteins Bacteria Escherichia coli 330000 Unitless
103 Speed at which E. coli move Bacteria Escherichia coli 50 micron/sec
104 Number of protein types to make pilus Bacteria Escherichia coli 1 Unitless
105 Length of pili/fimbrae Bacteria Escherichia coli 1100 200-2000 nm
106 Diameter of pili Bacteria Escherichia coli 6.5 nm
107 Number of papA/nm pilus Bacteria Escherichia coli 1.5 Unitless
108 Number of papA monomers/pilus Bacteria Escherichia coli 16500 3000-30,000 Unitless
109 Number of pili/cell Bacteria Escherichia coli 200 100-300 Unitless
110 Number of papA/cell Bacteria Escherichia coli 600000 300,000-900,000 Unitless
111 Number of ribosomes/cell Bacteria Escherichia coli 18000 Unitless
112 Number of protein types to make ribosome Bacteria Escherichia coli 55 Unitless
113 Number rRNA types to make ribosome Bacteria Escherichia coli 3 Unitless
114 Number of proteins in 30S subunit Bacteria Escherichia coli 21 Unitless
115 Number of proteins in 50S subunit Bacteria Escherichia coli 34 Unitless
116 Number of rRNA in 30S subunit Bacteria Escherichia coli 1 Unitless
117 Number of rRNA in 50S subunit Bacteria Escherichia coli 2 Unitless
118 Length of all rRNA Bacteria Escherichia coli 5520 nt
119 MW of ribosome Bacteria Escherichia coli 2700 kDalton
120 MW of RNA component Bacteria Escherichia coli 1700 kDalton
121 MW of protein component Bacteria Escherichia coli 1000 kDalton
122 Diameter of ribosome Bacteria Escherichia coli 20 nm
123 Volume of ribosome Bacteria Escherichia coli 0.0000042 um3
124 Number of water molecules/cell Bacteria Escherichia coli 23400000000 Unitless
125 Number of ions/cell Bacteria Escherichia coli 120000000 Unitless
126 Number of small organics/cell Bacteria Escherichia coli 18000000 Unitless
127 Number of K ions Bacteria Escherichia coli 90000000 Unitless
128 Number of Na ions Bacteria Escherichia coli 2000000 Unitless
129 Na (in): Na (out) Bacteria Escherichia coli 0.05 Unitless
130 Number of Ca ions Bacteria Escherichia coli 2300000 Unitless
131 Number of free Ca ions Bacteria Escherichia coli 40 Unitless
132 Number of Cl ions Bacteria Escherichia coli 2400000 Unitless
133 Number of Mg ions Bacteria Escherichia coli 4000000 Unitless
134 Number of Fe ions Bacteria Escherichia coli 7000000 Unitless
135 Number of Mn ions Bacteria Escherichia coli 1700000 Unitless
136 Number of Zn ions Bacteria Escherichia coli 1700000 Unitless
137 Number of Mo ions Bacteria Escherichia coli 1700000 Unitless
138 Number of Cu ions Bacteria Escherichia coli 1700000 Unitless
139 Number of PO4 ions Bacteria Escherichia coli 2000000 Unitless
140 Number of glucose/cell Bacteria Escherichia coli 300000 200,000-400,000 Unitless
141 Number of PEP/cell Bacteria Escherichia coli 1100000 Unitless
142 Number of pyruvate/cell Bacteria Escherichia coli 370000 Unitless
143 Number of gluc-6-PO4/cell Bacteria Escherichia coli 20000 Unitless
144 Number of ATP/cell Bacteria Escherichia coli 1750000 500,000 - 3,000,000 Unitless
145 Number of ADP/cell Bacteria Escherichia coli 70000 Unitless
146 Number of NADP/cell Bacteria Escherichia coli 240000 Unitless
147 Number of NADPH/cell Bacteria Escherichia coli 220000 Unitless
148 Number of all amino acids/cell Bacteria Escherichia coli 6000000 Unitless
149 Number of free Alanine/cell Bacteria Escherichia coli 350000 Unitless
150 Number of free Cysteine/cell Bacteria Escherichia coli 80000 Unitless
151 Number of free Aspartate/cell Bacteria Escherichia coli 530000 Unitless
152 Number of free Glutamate/cell Bacteria Escherichia coli 200000 Unitless
153 Number of free Phenylalanine/cell Bacteria Escherichia coli 170000 Unitless
154 Number of free Glycine/cell Bacteria Escherichia coli 350000 Unitless
155 Number of free Histidine/cell Bacteria Escherichia coli 80000 Unitless
156 Number of free Isoleucine/cell Bacteria Escherichia coli 200000 Unitless
157 Number of free Lysine/cell Bacteria Escherichia coli 190000 Unitless
158 Number of free Leucine/cell Bacteria Escherichia coli 300000 Unitless
159 Number of free Methionine/cell Bacteria Escherichia coli 40000 Unitless
160 Number of free Asparagine/cell Bacteria Escherichia coli 200000 Unitless
161 Number of free Proline/cell Bacteria Escherichia coli 200000 Unitless
162 Number of free Glutamine/cell Bacteria Escherichia coli 200000 Unitless
163 Number of free Arginine/cell Bacteria Escherichia coli 170000 Unitless
164 Number of free Serine/cell Bacteria Escherichia coli 300000 Unitless
165 Number of free Threonine/cell Bacteria Escherichia coli 1400000 Unitless
166 Number of free Valine/cell Bacteria Escherichia coli 240000 Unitless
167 Number of free Tryptophan/cell Bacteria Escherichia coli 80000 Unitless
168 Number of free Tyrosine/cell Bacteria Escherichia coli 300000 Unitless
169 Osmotic pressure (pushing out) Bacteria Escherichia coli 75 lb/in2
170 One glucose generates (total) Bacteria Escherichia coli 37 36-38 ATP
171 Glycolysis yields Bacteria Escherichia coli 7 8-Jun ATP
172 Oxidation of pyruvate yields Bacteria Escherichia coli 6 ATP
173 Krebs cycle/e- transport yields Bacteria Escherichia coli 24 ATP
174 Number ATP to make 1 DNA Bacteria Escherichia coli 72289000 Unitless
175 Number ATP to make 1 protein (360 aa) Bacteria Escherichia coli 1500 Unitless
176 Number ATP to make 1 lipid Bacteria Escherichia coli 7 Unitless
177 Number ATP to make 1 polysaccharide Bacteria Escherichia coli 2000 Unitless
178 Number ATP to make 1 RNA (1000 nt) Bacteria Escherichia coli 2000 Unitless
179 Number ATP to make 1 cell Bacteria Escherichia coli 55000000000 ATP
180 Number Glucose molecules consumed Bacteria Escherichia coli 1400000 Unitless
181 Cell generation time Bacteria Escherichia coli 30 minutes
182 Number of chemoreceptors (total) Bacteria Escherichia coli 15000 proteins
183 Number of major receptors (Tsr+Tar) Bacteria Escherichia coli 14000 proteins
184 Number of minor receptors (Trg+Tap+Aer) Bacteria Escherichia coli 1000 proteins
185 Number of kinases (CheA) Bacteria Escherichia coli 4500 proteins
186 Number of receptor-kinase couplers (CheW) Bacteria Escherichia coli 6700 proteins
187 Number of phosphatases (CheZ) Bacteria Escherichia coli 3200 proteins
188 Number of feedback response regulators (CheB) Bacteria Escherichia coli 240 proteins
189 Number of methyltransferases Bacteria Escherichia coli 140 proteins
190 Time constant for sub-saturating response Bacteria Escherichia coli 4 seconds
191 Cell length Bacteria Escherichia coli 3 um
192 Cell diameter Bacteria Escherichia coli 1 um
193 Cell volume Bacteria Escherichia coli 2 um3
194 GFP diffusion rate in cytoplasm Bacteria Escherichia coli 7.7 plus/minus 2.5 µm^2/s
195 Available RNAP Bacteria Escherichia coli 30 nM
196 Available ribosomes Bacteria Escherichia coli 500 nM
197 Average number of proteins per transcript Bacteria Escherichia coli 10 unitless
198 Ribosome + RNAn --> Ribosome·RNAn+1 Bacteria Escherichia coli 100 bp/sec
199 Diffusion coefficient of dextran (40kDa) in Drosophila cytoplasm Fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster 17.6 plus/minus 1.8 um^2/s
200 Genome Size Fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster 120000000 Base pairs
201 Number of genes Fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster 13647 Genes
202 Chromosome number (2n) Fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster 8 unitless
203 median length of a yeast RNA molecule [nucleotides] Yeast 1474 unitless
204 median cost of precursor synthesis per nucleotide [~P] Budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae 49.3 unitless
205 median mRNA abundance Yeast 1.2 unitless
206 median mRNA decay constant Yeast 0.00056 s^-1
207 median length of a yeast protein Yeast 385 aa
208 median cost of precursor synthesis per amino acid [~P] Budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae 30.3 unitless
209 median protein abundance Yeast 2460 unitless
210 TRPV1 Q10 20.6 Unitless
211 TRPV1 Q10 25.6 Unitless
212 Diameter of Bacillus subtilis Bacteria Bacillus subtilis 0.87 um
213 Length of Bacillus subtilis in rich media Bacteria Bacillus subtilis 4.7 um
214 Length of Bacillus subtilis in minimal sorbitol medium Bacteria Bacillus subtilis 2.3 um
215 Water as percentage of the total wet weight bacteria 70 Percent
216 Intracellular concentration of Na+ in early cleavage stage Xenopus laevis embryos African clawed frog Xenopus laevis 21 mM
217 Protein percentage by weight in bacteria Bacteria 26 20-32 Percent
218 Intracellular concentration of K+ in early cleavage stage Xenopus laevis embryos African clawed frog Xenopus laevis 90 mM
219 number of bacteriochlorophylls per reaction center Bacteria 70 40-100 unitless
220 Intracellular concentration of Cl- in Xenopus laevis eggs African clawed frog Xenopus laevis 60 mM
221 Mutation rate per base pair per replication Bacteriophage Lambda 0.000000077 mutation/bp/replication
222 Intercellular concentration of Na+ in stage 9 blastula embryos of Xenopus laevis African clawed frog Xenopus laevis 91 mM
223 Mutation rate per genome per replication Bacteriophage Lambda 0.0038 mutation/genome/replication
224 Intercellular concentration of K+ in stage 9 blastula embryos of Xenopus laevis African clawed frog Xenopus laevis 4 mM
225 Mutation rate per base pair per replication Bacteriophage M13 0.00000072 mutation/bp/replication
226 Intercellular concentrationof Cl- in stage 9 blastula embryos of Xenopus laevis African clawed frog Xenopus laevis 59 mM
227 Mutation rate per genome per replication Bacteriophage M13 0.0046 mutation/genome/replication
228 Intercellular concentration of Ca2+ in stage 9 blastula embryos of Xenopus laevis African clawed frog Xenopus laevis 1.5 mM
229 Mutation rate per base pair per replication Bacteriophages T2 and T4 0.000000024 mutation/bp/replication
230 Concentration of ATP in Xenopus laevis eggs African clawed frog Xenopus laevis 0.8 0.6-1 mM
231 Mutation rate per genome per replication Bacteriophages T2 and T4 0.004 mutation/genome/replication
232 Concentration of GTP, CTP, and UTP in Xenopus laevis eggs African clawed frog Xenopus laevis 0.4 0.2-0.6 mM
233 Virus diameter, head only Bacteriophage Lambda 0.000066 um3
234 Translation rate of beta-galactosidase in E. coli Bacteria Escherichia coli 14.5 13-16 aa/s
235 Genome Size African clawed frog Xenopus laevis 3000000000 Base pairs
236 Virus diameter, head only Bacteriophage Lambda 50 nm
237 Number of output response regulators (CheY) Bacteria Escherichia coli 8200 proteins
238 Number of genes Yeast 6609 ORF
239 Leaf area index Biosphere 4.3 micromol/m^2/sec
240 Dynamic range for gradient sensing of alpha-methylaspartate Bacteria Escherichia coli 5 orders of magnitude
241 Number of tRNA Yeast 299 unitless
242 Global primary productivity - [carbon] Biosphere 1E+14 kg/year
243 Diffusion rate of cytochrome c Horse Equus caballus 13 10^-7*cm^2/sec
244 Number of rRNA genes Budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae 150 unitless
245 Total CO2 in biosphere Biosphere 4.00E+16 kg
246 Diffusion rate of Hemoglobin, oxy Horse Equus caballus 6.02 10^-7*cm^2/sec
247 Diffusion rate of Concanavalin A Budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae 6.34 10^-7*cm^2/sec
248 Diffusion rate of Pancreatic trypsin inhibitor Cow Bos Taurus 12.9 10^-7*cm^2/sec
249 Diffusion rate of Alcohol dehydrogenaseh Horse Equus caballus 6.23 10^-7*cm^2/sec
250 Molecular weight of Concanavalin A Yeast 51260 Dalton
251 Diffusion rate of Ribonuclease A Cow Bos Taurus 10.7 10^-7*cm^2/sec
252 Molecular weight of cytochrome c Horse Equus caballus 12310 Dalton
253 Percent of total transcription devoted to ribosomal RNA Yeast 60 Percent
254 Diffusion rate of Trypsin Cow Bos Taurus 9.3 10^-7*cm^2/sec
255 Molecular weight of Hemoglobin, oxy Horse Equus caballus 64610 Dalton
256 RNA to DNA ratio Yeast 50 Unitless
257 Diffusion rate of Elastase Cow Bos Taurus 9.5 10^-7*cm^2/sec
258 Molecular weight of Alcohol dehydrogenaseh Horse Equus caballus 79870 Dalton
259 Percent of total RNA that is ribosomal RNA Yeast 80 Percent
260 Diffusion rate of Carboxypeptidase A Cow Bos Taurus 9.2 10^-7*cm^2/sec
261 Minimal generation time Bacteria Escherichia coli 17 Minutes
262 Percent of total RNA that is tRNA Budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae 15 Percent
263 Diffusion rate of Phosphoglycerate kinase Cow Bos Taurus 6.38 10^-7*cm^2/sec
264 Mutation rate per base pair per replication Bacteria Escherichia coli 5.4E-10 mutation/bp/replication
265 Percent of total RNA that is ribosomal mRNA Budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae 5 Percent
266 Molecular weight of Pancreatic trypsin inhibitor Cow Bos Taurus 6520 Dalton
267 Mutation rate per genome per replication Bacteria Escherichia coli 0.0025 mutation/genome/replication
268 Number of ribosomes Budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae 200000 Unitless
269 Molecular weight of Ribonuclease A Cow Bos Taurus 13690 Dalton
270 Genome Size Bacteria Escherichia coli 4600000 Base pairs
271 Generation time Budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae 100 minutes
272 Molecular weight of Trypsin Cow Bos Taurus 23200 Dalton
273 Number of genes Bacteria Escherichia coli 3000 Genes
274 Number of mRNAs in cell Budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae 15000 Unitless
275 Molecular weight of Elastase Cow Bos Taurus 25900 Dalton
276 GFP diffusion rate in eukaryotic cytoplasm Unspecified 27 µm^2/s
277 Gene duplication rate per gene per billion years Budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae 0.035 0.01 - 0.06 gene^-1*billion years^-1
278 Molecular weight of Carboxypeptidase A Cow Bos Taurus 34500 Dalton
279 Genome Size Pufferfish Fugu rubripes 365000000 Base pairs
280 Molecular weight of Phosphoglycerate kinase Cow Bos Taurus 45800 Dalton
281 Number of genes Pufferfish Fugu rubripes 38000 Genes
282 Genome Size Nematode Caenorhabditis briggsae 104000000 Base pairs
283 Genome Size Chicken Gallus gallus 120000000 Base pairs
284 Mitochondrial rRNA in egg African clawed frog Xenopus laevis 20 ng
285 Number of genes Nematode Caenorhabditis briggsae 19507 Genes
286 Diffusion rate of small molecule Generic 50 10^-7*cm^2/sec
287 Mitochondrial protein in egg African clawed frog Xenopus laevis 10 micrograms
288 Mutation rate per base pair per replication Nematode Caenorhabditis elegans 2.3E-10 mutation/bp/replication
289 Diffusion rate of protein molecule Generic 5 10^-7*cm^2/sec
290 Generation time Cyanobacteria Synechocystis PCC 6803 6 Hours
291 Mutation rate per genome per replication Nematode Caenorhabditis elegans 0.018 mutation/genome/replication
292 Diffusion rate of virus particle Generic 0.5 10^-7*cm^2/sec
293 number of genes Mycoplasma Mesoplasma florum 683 unitless
294 Minimal generation time Spirochaete bacteria Treponema pallidum 1980 Minutes
295 Chromosome number (2n) Nematode Caenorhabditis elegans 12 unitless
296 Diffusion rate of bacterial cell Generic 0.05 10^-7*cm^2/sec
297 Genome size Mycoplasma Mesoplasma florum 793224 bp
298 Minimal generation time Bacteria Vibrio natriegens 9.8 Minutes
299 generation time Nematode Caenorhabditis elegans 4 days
300 Diffusion rate of animal cell Generic 0.005 10^-7*cm^2/sec
301 GFP diffusion rate in mitochondria Mitochondria 25 20-30 µm^2/s
302 GFP diffusion rate in water Not applicable 87 µm^2/s
303 Nuclear volume of a stage VI Xenopus laevis oocyte African clawed frog Xenopus laevis 40 nL
304 Life span Nematode Caenorhabditis elegans 2.5 3-Feb weeks
305 Weight of DNA base pair Generic 665 Dalton
306 Genome Size Mouse Mus musculus 3000000000 Base pairs
307 Chromosomal DNA weight African clawed frog Xenopus laevis 12 pg
308 Protein accumulation rate of a stage VI Xenopus laevis oocyte African clawed frog Xenopus laevis 400 ng/day
309 Genome Size Nematode Caenorhabditis elegans 100000000 Base pairs
310 Weight of single stranded DNA base Generic 325 Dalton
311 Number of genes Mouse Mus musculus 30000 Genes
312 Nucleolar rDNA weight African clawed frog Xenopus laevis 25 pg
313 Amount of ATP in a stage VI Xenopus laevis oocyte African clawed frog Xenopus laevis 1700 pmol
314 Number of genes Nematode Caenorhabditis elegans 20621 Genes
315 Weight of single stranded RNA base Generic 340 Dalton
316 Mutation rate per base pair per replication Mouse Mus musculus 1.8E-10 mutation/bp/replication
317 Nucleolar rDNA African clawed frog Xenopus laevis 2000000 rDNA repeats
318 Amount of CTP in a stage VI Xenopus laevis oocyte African clawed frog Xenopus laevis 500 pmol
319 Water as percentage of the total wet weight in heart fibroblasts Chicken Gallus gallus 77 Percent
320 Conversion from weight to bp Generic 978 Mbp/pgram
321 Mutation rate per genome per replication Mouse Mus musculus 0.49 mutation/genome/replication
322 Mitochondrial DNA weight African clawed frog Xenopus laevis 4000 pg
323 Amount of UTP in a stage VI Xenopus laevis oocyte African clawed frog Xenopus laevis 1200 pmol
324 Chromosome number (2n) Chimpanzee Pan troglodytes 48 unitless
325 Flux of photons Generic 4.00E+21 Photons/m^2/sec
326 Q10 (24-36°C) of TRPV4 Mouse Mus musculus 19.1 Unitless
327 Mitochondrial DNA African clawed frog Xenopus laevis 100000000 genomes
328 Polysome density in Xenopus stage VI oocytes African clawed frog Xenopus laevis 1 polymerase per 100-200 nucleotides
329 Generation time Green algae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii 5 Hours
330 Max Photosynthetic photon flux Generic 2000 micromol/m^2/sec
331 TRPV3 Q10 Mouse Mus musculus 6.62 Unitless
332 rRNA African clawed frog Xenopus laevis 5 ug
333 Elongation rate of RNA polymerase in Xenopus stage VI oocytes African clawed frog Xenopus laevis 15 nucleotides/s
334 Number of chromosomes/cell Green algae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii 17 Unitless
335 Mean Photosynthetic photon flux Generic 800 micromol/m^2/sec
336 Chromosome number (2n) Mouse Mus musculus 40 unitless
337 5S RNA African clawed frog Xenopus laevis 60 ng
338 RNA accumulation rate in stage VI Xenopus laevis oocyte African clawed frog Xenopus laevis 20 ng/day
339 Genome Size Green algae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii 120000000 Base pairs
340 Effective cross section of chlorophyll for useful photons Generic 0.09 Angstrom^2
341 Protein percentage by weight in muscle cells Unspecified 23 Percent
342 5S RNA African clawed frog Xenopus laevis 1E+12 RNAs
343 Elongation rate of ribosomes in Xenopus laevis stage VI oocytes African clawed frog Xenopus laevis 3 nucleotides/s
344 Chlorophyll concentration Chloroplast 30 mol/m^3
345 Maximal absorption rate under sun illumination of chlorophyll pigment Generic 4 1/sec
346 Minimal generation time Mycobacterium tuberculosis 862 792-932 Minutes
347 tRNA African clawed frog Xenopus laevis 60 ng
348 Number of Vitellogenin mRNA transcripts per liver cell after estrogen stimulation of Xenopus laevis males or females African clawed frog Xenopus laevis 30000 transcripts/cell
349 Genome Size Zebrafish Danio rerio 1700000000 Base pairs
350 Catalysis rates of photosystem units Generic 5050 100-10000 1/sec
351 Mutation rate per base pair per replication Bread mold Neurospora crassa 7.2E-11 mutation/bp/replication
352 tRNA African clawed frog Xenopus laevis 1.5E+12 tRNAs
353 Number of rRNA genes in E. coli Bacteria Escherichia coli 7 unitless
354 Diffusion rate of Lactate dehydrogenase Dogfish 4.99 10^-7*cm^2/sec
355 Catalysis rates of photosystem units Generic 200 1/sec
356 Mutation rate per genome per replication Bread mold Neurospora crassa 0.003 mutation/genome/replication
357 snRNA U1 African clawed frog Xenopus laevis 0.07 ng
358 Molecular weight of Lactate dehydrogenase Dogfish 146200 Dalton
359 Amino acid replacement rate [per site per year] Generic 0.000000001 year^-1
360 Genome Size Bread mold Neurospora crassa 39900000 Base pairs
361 snRNA U1 African clawed frog Xenopus laevis 800000000 RNAs
362 Chromosome number (2n) Cat Felis silvestris catus 38 unitless
363 Osmotic pressure of the ocean Generic 27 Atm
364 Number of genes Bread mold Neurospora crassa 10000 Genes
365 polyA+ RNA African clawed frog Xenopus laevis 80 ng
366 Mutation rate per base pair per replication Fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster 3.4E-10 mutation/bp/replication
367 Chromosome number (2n) Goldfish Carassius auratus 104 unitless
368 Chloroplast length Plant cell 4 um
369 Chloroplast diameter Plant cell 1 um
370 polyA+ RNA African clawed frog Xenopus laevis 50000000000 RNAs
371 Mutation rate per genome per replication Fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster 0.058 mutation/genome/replication
372 Chromosome number (2n) Gorilla Gorilla species 48 unitless
373 Chloroplast volume Plant cell 3 um3
374 ribosomal protein mRNA African clawed frog Xenopus laevis 10 ng
375 Q10 (5–20°C) of Shaker K+ channel peak amplitude Fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster 1.51 Unitless
376 Chromosome number (2n) Guinea Pig Cavia porcellus 16 unitless
377 Number of chlorophyll per reaction center Plants 400 100-700 unitless
378 ribosomal protein mRNA African clawed frog Xenopus laevis 20000000000 transcripts
379 Q10 (5–20°C) of Shaker K+ channel activation time constant Fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster 3.14 Unitless
380 Number of cell divisions in an average human lifespan Human Homo sapiens 1.00E+17 Cell divisions
381 Diffusion rate of Adenylate kinase Pig Sus species 10.2 10^-7*cm^2/sec
382 actin mRNA African clawed frog Xenopus laevis 1 ng
383 Q10 (5–20°C) of Shaker K+ channel inactivation time constant Fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster 7.2 Unitless
384 number of DNA damage events caused by oxidative damage Human Homo sapiens 1000 bases damaged per cell per day
385 Diffusion rate of Bence Jones REI Pig Sus species 10 10^-7*cm^2/sec
386 actin mRNA African clawed frog Xenopus laevis 500000000 transcripts
387 Q10 (5–20°C) of Shaker K+ channel ratio b/w steady-state & peak current Fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster 2.95 Unitless
388 Water as percentage of the total wet weight Mammalian tissue culture cell 70 Percent
389 Diffusion rate of Subtilisin novo Pig Sus species 9.04 10^-7*cm^2/sec
390 Hsp70 mRNA African clawed frog Xenopus laevis 0.004 ng
391 Diffusion rate of Lysozyme Chicken Gallus gallus 11.3 10^-7*cm^2/sec
392 Diffusion rate of Malate dehydrogenase Pig Sus species 5.76 10^-7*cm^2/sec
393 Hsp70 mRNA African clawed frog Xenopus laevis 1000000 transcripts
394 Molecular weight of Lysozyme Chicken Gallus gallus 14320 Dalton
395 Molecular weight of Adenylate kinase Pig Sus species 21640 Dalton
396 Ribosomes African clawed frog Xenopus laevis 1E+12 ribosomes
397 Genome Size Human Homo sapiens 3000000000 Base pairs
398 Molecular weight of Bence Jones REI Pig Sus species 23500 Dalton
399 Yolk protein African clawed frog Xenopus laevis 250 ug
400 Number of genes Human Homo sapiens 23000 Genes
401 Molecular weight of Subtilisin novo Pig Sus species 27530 Dalton
402 non-yolk protein African clawed frog Xenopus laevis 25 ug
403 Diffusion rate of Chymotrypsinogen Human Homo sapiens 9.48 10^-7*cm^2/sec
404 Molecular weight of Malate dehydrogenase Pig Sus species 74900 Dalton
405 non-yolk protein African clawed frog Xenopus laevis 5E+14 proteins
406 Diffusion rate of Superoxide dismutase Human Homo sapiens 8.92 10^-7*cm^2/sec
407 TRPV1 Q10 (41–50°C) Rat Rattus norvegicus 27 Unitless
408 Histones African clawed frog Xenopus laevis 140 ng
409 Molecular weight of Chymotrypsinogen Human Homo sapiens 25670 Dalton
410 Q10 (47–51°C) of heat activated current in DRG neurons Rat Rattus norvegicus 17.8 Unitless
411 Histones African clawed frog Xenopus laevis 5E+12 histone proteins
412 Molecular weight of Superoxide dismutase Human Homo sapiens 33900 Dalton
413 Chromosome number (2n) Rat Rattus norvegicus 42 unitless
414 Nucleoplasmin African clawed frog Xenopus laevis 250 ng
415 Mutation rate per base pair per replication Human Homo sapiens 5E-11 mutation/bp/replication
416 number of DNA damage events caused by oxidative damage Rat Rattus norvegicus 10000 bases damaged per cell per day
417 Nucleoplasmin African clawed frog Xenopus laevis 5E+12 nucleoplasmin proteins
418 Mutation rate per genome per replication Human Homo sapiens 0.16 mutation/genome/replication
419 Water as percentage of the total wet weight Rat Rattus norvegicus 74 Percent
420 RNA polymerase I and II African clawed frog Xenopus laevis 100000 greater than a somatic cell
421 absolute abundance of p53 Human Homo sapiens 160000 16 ± 6 x 10^4 unitless
422 Protein percentage by weight in red blood cells Unspecified 35 Percent
423 RNA polymerase III African clawed frog Xenopus laevis 500000 greater than a somatic cell
424 DNA double strand breaks induced by ionizing radiation [DSB per Gray per cell] Human Homo sapiens 36 unitless
425 Minimal generation time Bacteria Rhizobium japonicum 402.5 344-461 Minutes
426 Each dNTP African clawed frog Xenopus laevis 12.5 15-Oct pmol
427 Chromosome number (2n) Human Homo sapiens 46 unitless
428 median haploid cell volume Budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae 42 micron^3
429 rGTP African clawed frog Xenopus laevis 250 pmol
430 Minimal generation time Bacteria Lactobacillus acidophilus 76.5 66-87 Minutes
431 median haploid cell volume Budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae 37 micron^3
432 Methionine African clawed frog Xenopus laevis 40 pmol
433 Cell diameter Mammalian tissue culture cell 15 20-Oct um
434 Number of Zn ions in YPD Budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae 80000000 Unitless
435 Cell volume Mammalian tissue culture cell 2250 500 - 4000 um3
436 Number of Se ions in YPD Budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae 60000000 Unitless
437 Mitochondria length Mammalian tissue culture cell 1 um
438 Number of S ions in YPD Budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae 500000000 Unitless
439 Mitochondria volume Mammalian tissue culture cell 0.5 um3
440 Number of P ions in YPD Budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae 5000000000 Unitless
441 Nuclear diameter Mammalian tissue culture cell 7.5 10-May um
442 Number of Ni ions in YPD Budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae 20000000 Unitless
443 Nuclear volume Mammalian tissue culture cell 283 66 - 500 um3
444 Number of Na ions in YPD Budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae 200000000 Unitless
445 number of depurination events Mammalian tissue culture cell 10000 bases depurinated per cell per day
446 Number of Mn ions in YPD Budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae 500000 unitless
447 number of depyrimidination events Mammalian tissue culture cell 500 bases depyrimidinated per cell per day
448 Nuclear volume (average) Budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae 2.9 um3
449 Protein percentage by weight in mammalian tissue culture cell Unspecified 21.5 17-26 Percent
450 Nuclear:cell volume ratio Budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae 0.07 Unitless
451 Median cell volume of a haploid budding yeast in glucose medium (S288c background) Budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae 42 um3
452 Cell diameter Budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae 5 um
453 Cell volume Budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae 66 um3
454 Cell length Fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe 7 um
455 Cell diameter Fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe 2 um
456 Cell volume Fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe 22 um3
457 Cell length at division Fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe 13.5 um
458 Mutation rate per base pair per replication Budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae 2.2E-10 mutation/bp/replication
459 Mutation rate per genome per replication Budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae 0.0027 mutation/genome/replication
460 Genome Size Budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae 12156678 Base pairs
461 Diffusion rate of Myoglobin Sperm whale Physeter macrocephalus 11.3 10^-7*cm^2/sec
462 Molecular weight of Myoglobin Sperm whale Physeter macrocephalus 17800 Dalton
463 Protein percentage by weight in axoplasm Squid 5 Percent
464 Minimal generation time Bacteria Staphylococcus aureus 28.5 27-30 Minutes
465 Minimal generation time Bacteria Lactococcus lactis 26 Minutes
466 Minimal generation time Bacteria Lactococcus lactis 48 Minutes
467 Number of chlorophyll pigments in PSI Cyanobacteria Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942 96 unitless
468 Minimal generation time Bacteria Bacillus megaterium 25 Minutes
469 Molecular weight of Carbonic anhydrase B. amyloliq. 28800 Dalton
470 Diffusion rate of Carbonic anhydrase B. amyloliq. 10.7 10^-7*cm^2/sec
471 Water as percentage of the total wet weight in an axon Unspecified 87 Percent
472 Time for O2 replenishment by photosynthesis Not applicable 2000 years
473 Total CO2 in atmosphere Atmosphere 8E+14 kg
474 Number of genes Thale cress Arabidopsis thaliana 25498 unitless
475 Chromosome number (2n) Thale cress Arabidopsis thaliana 10 unitless
476 Chromosome number (2n) Mosquito Anapheles gambiae 6 unitless
477 Number of genes Mosquito Anapheles gambiae 13600 Genes
478 Genome Size Mosquito Anapheles gambiae 280000000 Base pairs
479 Chromosome number (2n) Adder's Tongue Fern 1262 unitless
480 Water flow through aquaporin 1 channel Generic 500000000 molecules/second
481 Globular protein volume Generic 0.000000066 um3
482 Globular protein diameter Generic 5 nm
483 Ribosome volume Generic 0.000014 um3
484 Ribosome diameter Generic 30 nm
485 Number of rRNA genes Bacteria Vibrio natriegens 13 Unitless
486 Free calcium(2+) intercellular blastocoel concentration African clawed frog Xenopus laevis 1.12 plus/minus 0.04 mM
487 Total calcium(2+) in frog egg African clawed frog Xenopus laevis 6.5E-09 5x10-9 - 8x10-9 mol
488 Total magnesium(2+) in frog egg African clawed frog Xenopus laevis 1.45E-08 12x10-9 - 17x10-9 mol
489 Total potassium (1+) in frog egg African clawed frog Xenopus laevis 0.00000006 mol
490 Total sodium (1+) in frog egg African clawed frog Xenopus laevis 0.00000005 mol
491 Median cell size of a diploid budding yeast in glucose medium (S288c background) Budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae 82 um3
492 Mean nuclear volume of a haploid budding yeast in glucose medium (S288c background) Budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae 2.9 SD of 0.9 um3
493 CO2 emissions due to vulcanism Biosphere 0.035 0.02-0.05 10^15 gram Carbon/year
494 Length of eukaryotic cilia and flagella Unspecified 10 um
495 Diameter of the smallest eukaryote Ostreococcus tauri Ostreococcus tauri 1 um
496 Percentage of human cancers worldwide attributable to viruses Human Homo sapiens 20 %
497 Increased risk of Kaposi's sarcoma in transplant patients Human Homo sapiens 450 400-500 fold increase
498 Increased risk of squamous cell vulvar and anal carcinomas in transplant patients Human Homo sapiens 100 fold increase
499 Mass of Escherichia coli in excess of displaced buffer Bacteria Escherichia coli 110 30 fg
500 Mass of Bacillus subtilis cell in excess of displaced buffer Bacteria Bacillus subtilis 150 40 fg
501 Diameter of Xenopus tropicalis eggs Frog Xenopus tropicalis 0.75 0.7 to 0.8 cm
502 Diameter of the egg of the frog Xenopus laevis Frog Xenopus laevis 1.15 1 to 1.3 cm
503 Number of eggs laid per spawning Frog Xenopus laevis 650 300 to 1000 eggs
504 Number of eggs laid per spawning Frog Xenopus tropicalis 5000 1000 to 9000 eggs
505 Genome size Frog Xenopus tropicalis 1700000000 base pairs
506 Generation time Frog Xenopus laevis 10 8 to 12 months
507 Generation time Frog Xenopus tropicalis 3.75 3 to 4.5 months
508 Diameter of peripheral blood lymphocytes Human Homo sapiens 7.5 8-Jul um
509 Diameter of monocytes Human Homo sapiens 15 18-Dec um
510 Diameter of erythrocytes Human Homo sapiens 7.5 um
511 Diameter of neutrophils and eosinophils Human Homo sapiens 11 12-Oct um
512 Percentage of the white blood cells in blood that are neutrophils Human Homo sapiens 60 50-70 %
513 Percentage of white blood cells in blood that are lymphocytes Human Homo sapiens 30 25-30 %
514 Percentage of white blood cells in blood that are monocytes Human Homo sapiens 5 7-Mar %
515 Diameter of plasma cells Human Homo sapiens 10.5 12-Sep um
516 Number of copies of the chromosome Cyanobacteria Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942 6.5 unitless
517 conversion efficiency from producers to primary consumers Ecosystem 10 Percent
518 Conversion efficiency from producers to primary consumers Ecosystem 17 Percent
519 Conversion efficiency from primary to secondary consumers Ecosystem 4.5 Percent
520 Shortest generation time of an insect Aphid Rhopalosiphum prunifolia 4.7 days
521 Mean volume of freshly isolated T cells from spleen and mesenteric lymph nodes Mouse Mus musculus 131.4 plus/minus 3.9 um3
522 Development time egg to adult Drosophila melanogaster 7 days
523 Lifespan Fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster 30 days
524 GC content Green Algea Dunaliella viridis 51.1 Percent
525 GC content Green algae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii 64 Percent
526 GC content Cyanobacteria Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942 55.4 Percent
527 Number of genes Cyanobacteria Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942 2728 unitless
528 Genome size Cyanobacteria Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942 2796470 bp
529 GC content Bacteria Escherichia coli 50.8 Percent
530 Length Cyanobacteria Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942 3.1 5-Feb micron
531 cell diameter Cyanobacteria Synechocystis PCC 6803 1 micron
532 prokaryote abundance in top 1m of soil in forest prokaryote 40000000 cells/gram of soil
533 prokaryote abundance in 1-8m depth of soil in forest prokaryote 1000000 cells/gram of soil
534 prokaryote abundance in top 1m of soil prokaryote 2000000000 cells/gram of soil
535 prokaryote abundance in 1-8m depth of soil prokaryote 100000000 cells/gram of soil
536 prokaryote abundance in 1-8m depth of soil prokaryote 100000000 cells/gram of soil
537 weight of a cubic meter of limestone Biosphere 2600000 g/m^3
538 estimate weight of a cubic meter of soil Biosphere 1000000 g/m^3
539 prokaryote abundance in top 1m of high metal abundance soil prokaryote 2000000000 plus/minus 9e7 g/dry weight of soil
540 prokaryote abundance in top 1m of low metal abundance soil prokaryote 2400000000 plus/minus 9e7 g/dry weight of soil
541 prokaryote abundance in top 1m of normal metal abundance soil prokaryote 2600000000 plus/minus 1e8 g/dry weight of soil
542 Surface area of earth covered by land Biosphere 148300000 km^2
543 Surface area of earth covered by water Biosphere 361800000 km^2
544 Percent of land covered by snow Biosphere 20 unitless
545 Percent of land covered by mountains Biosphere 20 unitless
546 Percent of land covered by dry lands Biosphere 20 unitless
547 Percent of land covered by good farmable lands Biosphere 30 unitless
548 Percent of land covered by no topsoil Biosphere 10 unitless
549 Number of prokaryotes in the top 200m of ocean prokaryote 3.60E+28 cells
550 Number of prokaryotes in the top 1m of soil prokaryote 2.60E+29 cells
551 Number of prokaryotes beneath 1m of soil prokaryote 0.25-2.5e30 cells
552 Number of prokaryotes beneath 200m of ocean prokaryote 6.50E+28 cells
553 Calculation of species diversity in non contaminated soil prokaryote 8300000 species/gram
554 Calculation of species diversity in low metal contaminated soil prokaryote 6400 species/gram
555 Calculation of species diversity in high metal contaminated soil prokaryote 790 species/gram
556 Number of prokaryotes in human colon prokaryote 7E+13 cells/organ
557 Number of prokaryotes in termite hindgut prokaryote 2700000 cells
558 Number of prokaryotes in cattle rumen prokaryote 2.00E+15 cells/organ
559 Number of prokaryotes in human colon world-wide prokaryote 3.90E+23 cell
560 Number of prokaryotes in termite hindgut world-wide prokaryote 6.50E+23 cell
561 Number of prokaryotes in cattle rumen world-wide prokaryote 2.90E+24 cell
562 Total ATP demand in hepatocyte cell Turtle 67 microMole ATP/g/hour
563 ATP demand for Na+ pump in hepatocyte cell as percent of total consumption Turtle 28.5 Percent
564 ATP demand for protein synthesis in hepatocyte cell as percent of total consumption Turtle 36.4 Percent
565 ATP demand for protein breakdown in hepatocyte cell as percent of total consumption Turtle 16.6 Percent
566 ATP demand for urea synthesis in hepatocyte cell as percent of total consumption Turtle 3 Percent
567 ATP demand for gluconeogenesis in hepatocyte cell as percent of total consumption Turtle 17 Percent
568 Total ATP demand in hepatocyte cell under anoxic conditions Turtle 6.3 microMole ATP/g/hour
569 Barbed end Actin-ATP association rate constant Unspecified 12 1/s
570 Barbed end Actin-ATP dissociation rate constant Unspecified 1.4 1/(uM*s)
571 Barbed end Actin-ADP association rate constant Unspecified 4 1/(uM*s)
572 Barbed end Actin-ADP dissociation rate constant Unspecified 8 1/s
573 Pointed end Actin-ATP association rate constant Unspecified 1.3 1/(uM*s)
574 Pointed end Actin-ATP dissociation rate constant Unspecified 0.8 1/s
575 Pointed end Actin-ADP association rate constant Unspecified 0.16 1/(uM*s)
576 Pointed end Actin-ADP dissociation rate constant Unspecified 0.3 1/s
577 Half time for hydrolysis of bound ATP-actin Unspecified 2 seconds
578 Half time of phosphate dissociation for ADP-Pi-actin Unspecified 350 seconds
579 Surface Area of Human Skin Human Homo sapiens 1.6-1.8 m^2
580 Length of a C. elegans nematode Nematode Caenorhabditis elegans 1 mm
581 number of eggs layed during life span Nematode Caenorhabditis briggsae 300 Unitless
582 Number of somatic cell nuclei in an adult hermaphrodite Nematode Caenorhabditis elegans 959 Unitless
583 Number of somatic cells in an adult male Nematode Caenorhabditis elegans 1031 Unitless
584 number of cells in a hatched larvae Nematode Caenorhabditis elegans 558 Unitless
585 Cellulose microfibrils tensile modulus Plants >10^11 N/m^2
586 Cell wall as percent of plant cell dry matter Plants 45-65 Percent
587 Cellulose as percent of cell wall Plants 35-50 Percent
588 Hemicellulose as percent of cell wall Plants 20-35 Percent
589 Lignin as percent of cell wall Plants 25-Oct Percent
590 Ratio of carbon to phosphorus in phytoplankton phytoplankton 106 unitless
591 Ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus in phytoplankton phytoplankton 16 unitless
592 Ratio of silicon to phosphorus in phytoplankton Diatoms 15 unitless
593 Plasmodesmata openings in the cell wall as percentage of the surface area of a cell Plants 0.1-0.5 Percent
594 Number of plasmodesmata openings in the cell wall per square micrometer Plants 10-Feb micron^(-2)
595 Plasmodesmata diameter Plants 50 20-200 nanometer
596 Carbon content in organic dry matter Biosphere 0.45-0.5 g C per g dry matter
597 Total terrestrial net primary productivity (NPP) of the biosphere Biosphere 120 Pg dry weight/year
598 Genome size and chromosome number database website Generic Database link N/A
599 BRENDA - a database of enzyme properties Generic Database link N/A
600 CyberCell Project - statistics on the bacteria E.coli Bacteria Escherichia coli Database link N/A
601 yeastgfp - a database of protein abundance in yeast Budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae Database link N/A
602 Net primary producitivty - collection of references and values Biosphere Database link N/A
603 Total net primary productivity of the biosphere (terrestrial and oceanic) Biosphere 1.70E+17 g dry weight/year
604 Present day geothermal energy produced by earth Biosphere 0.0292 W·m^-2
605 Energy content of carbohydrate Generic 39.9 kJ/ gC
606 Global net primary productivity in terms of energy units Biosphere 0.21 W/m^(-2)
607 Mutation rate of HIV reverse transcriptase in cells HIV 0.00003 mutations per bp per cycle
608 Half-life of HIV infected cells in-vivo HIV 1.6 days
609 Half-life of free HIV virions in plasma HIV 28-110 minutes
610 Daily production HIV particles in untreated patients HIV 1E+11 Virus particles per day
611 Affinity of transcription factors for nonspecific DNA Generic 10^(-3)-10^(-6) M
612 Concentration of DNA binding sites inside the cell Bacteria Escherichia coli 0.01 M
613 Diffusion coefficient of human serum albumin in water Human Homo sapiens 0.00000061 cm2/s
614 Diffusion coefficient of insulin in water Human Homo sapiens 0.0000015 cm2/s
615 Diffusion coefficient of sucrose in water Unspecified 0.0000052 cm2/s
616 Diffusion coefficient of oxygen in water Unspecified 0.000018 cm2/s
617 Diffusion coefficient of oxygen in air Unspecified 0.2 cm2/s
618 The ratio of the energy flux needed to support a living cell to the output flux from the sun (for same weight) Unspecified 100000 unitless
619 Actin stall force Unspecified 7.7 -1.3 pN per Filament
620 Actin, density of barbed ends at the leading edge of a protrusion Unspecified 1370 -578 Filaments/micrometer square
621 focal adhesion stress on substrate Unspecified 5.5 -2 nN*micron^(-2)
622 Mean wall shear stress in an aorta Unspecified 4.7-10.4 dynes/cm^2
623 Smallest genome of an endosymbiont bacteria Carsonella ruddii 159662 bp
624 The Protein Kinase Complement of the Human Genome Human Homo sapiens 518 unitless
625 The number of kinases in the mouse kinome Mouse Mus musculus 540 unitless
626 The number of kinases in the c. elegans kinome Nematode Caenorhabditis elegans 438 unitless
627 Genomics, evolution and function of protein kinases Generic Database link N/A
629 Alanine abundance Bacteria Escherichia coli 9.6 Percent
630 Arginine abundance Bacteria Escherichia coli 5.5 Percent
631 Aspartate & asparginine abundance Bacteria Escherichia coli 9 Percent
632 Cysteine abundance Bacteria Escherichia coli 1.7 Percent
633 Glutamate & glutamine abundance Bacteria Escherichia coli 9.8 Percent
634 Glycine abundance Bacteria Escherichia coli 11.5 Percent
635 Histidine abundance Bacteria Escherichia coli 1.8 Percent
636 Isoleucine abundance Bacteria Escherichia coli 5.4 Percent
637 Leucine abundance Bacteria Escherichia coli 8.4 Percent
638 Lysine abundance Bacteria Escherichia coli 6.4 Percent
639 Methionine abundance Bacteria Escherichia coli 2.9 Percent
640 Phenylalanine abundance Bacteria Escherichia coli 3.5 Percent
641 Proline abundance Bacteria Escherichia coli 4.1 Percent
642 Serine abundance Bacteria Escherichia coli 4 Percent
643 Threonine abundance Bacteria Escherichia coli 4.7 Percent
644 Tryptophan abundance Bacteria Escherichia coli 1.1 Percent
645 Tyrosine abundance Bacteria Escherichia coli 2.6 Percent
646 Valine abundance Bacteria Escherichia coli 7.9 Percent
647 Ratio of energy expenditure for protein polymerization to mRNA polymerization Bacteria Escherichia coli 20 unitless
648 Number of metabolic compounds Bacteria Escherichia coli 442 unitless
649 Number of metabolic compounds Budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae >700 unitless
650 ORF transcriptome: expression levels, half lives and transcriptional freqency Budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae Database link N/A
651 elemental composition - percent carbon in dry mass Bacteria Escherichia coli 50 Percent
652 elemental composition - percent oxygen in dry mass Bacteria Escherichia coli 20 Percent
653 elemental composition - percent nitrogen in dry mass Bacteria Escherichia coli 14 Percent
654 elemental composition - percent hydrogen in dry mass Bacteria Escherichia coli 8 Percent
655 elemental composition - percent phosphorus in dry mass Bacteria Escherichia coli 3 Percent
656 elemental composition - percent potassium in dry mass Bacteria Escherichia coli 2 Percent
657 elemental composition - percent sulfur in dry mass Bacteria Escherichia coli 1 Percent
658 elemental composition - percent calcium in dry mass Bacteria Escherichia coli 0.05 Percent
659 elemental composition - percent magnesium in dry mass Bacteria Escherichia coli 0.05 Percent
660 elemental composition - percent chlorine in dry mass Bacteria Escherichia coli 0.05 Percent
661 elemental composition - percent iron in dry mass Bacteria Escherichia coli 0.2 Percent
662 elemental composition - percent trace elements in dry mass (manganese, cobalt, copper, zinc, molybdenum) Bacteria Escherichia coli 0.3 Percent
663 average RNA polymerase II transcription elongation rate Mammalian tissue culture cell 6.3 nt/sec
664 maximum RNA polymerase II transcription elongation rate Mammalian tissue culture cell 71.6 nt/sec
665 RNA polymerase II pause residence time Mammalian tissue culture cell 240 204-307 seconds
666 single molecule RNA polymerase II transcription rates Generic 12.8 SD=4.9 nt/sec
667 Peclet number for hydrodynamic flow of metabolites outside Volvox carteri Volvox carteri 100-300 unitless
668 DNA double helix diameter Generic 20 A
669 DNA helix rise per base pair Generic 3.4 A
670 DNA base pairs per helical turn Generic 10.5 unitless
671 distance per turn of the double helix in DNA Generic 36 unitless
672 Number of RelA molecules per fibroblast of average volume 2000 um3 Human Homo sapiens 60000 molecules per cell
673 Water use efficency (WUE) in C3 plants Plants 3-Jan g CO2 per kg H2O
674 Water use efficency (WUE) in C4 plants Plants 5-Feb g CO2 per kg H2O
675 Water use efficency (WUE) in CAM plants Plants Oct-40 g CO2 per kg H2O
676 Net rate of photosynthesis JCO2 Plants 10 microMol CO2 per m^2 per sec
677 flux density of water vapor loss in a leaf Plants 4.3 milliMol H2O per m^2 per sec
678 Number of non-reproducing, biflagellated somatic cells Volvox carteri 2000 cells/colony
679 Number of nonflagellated, reproductive cells Volvox carteri 16 cells/colony
680 Investment in reproductive structures as percent of total above-ground productivity oak trees 2–27 Percent
681 GC content Human Homo sapiens 41 Percent
682 GC content Thale cress Arabidopsis thaliana 36 Percent
683 Number of genes Green algae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii 15143 Genes
684 Number of tRNA Green algae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii 259 Unitless
685 Number of tRNA Human Homo sapiens 497 Unitless
686 Number of tRNA Thale cress Arabidopsis thaliana 589 Unitless
687 Doubling time of cell lines Human Homo sapiens Database link N/A
688 Amino acid indices, substitution matrices and pair-wise contact potentials Generic Database link N/A
689 planets in solar system Generic 8 9-Aug Unitless
690 brain weights amd composition Generic Database link N/A
691 Average brain weight Human Homo sapiens 1300 - 1400 gram
692 Average number of neurons in the brain Human Homo sapiens 1E+11 unitless
693 Average number of glial cells in brain per neuron Human Homo sapiens Oct-50 unitless
694 Length of myelinated nerve fibers in brain Human Homo sapiens 150,000-180,000 km
695 Number of synapses in cortex Human Homo sapiens 1.5E+14 unitless
696 Time until unconsciousness after loss of blood supply to brain Human Homo sapiens 10-Aug sec
697 Time until reflex loss after loss of blood supply to brain Human Homo sapiens 40-110 sec
698 Number of fibers in human optic nerve Human Homo sapiens 1200000 unitless
699 Number of inner hair cells in cochlea Human Homo sapiens 3500 unitless
700 Number of outer hair cells in cochlea Human Homo sapiens 12000 unitless
701 Hearing frequency range Human Homo sapiens 20-20000 Hertz
702 Total number of taste buds Human Homo sapiens 10000 unitless
703 Diameter of taste bud Human Homo sapiens 30-60 micron
704 Number of receptors on each taste bud Human Homo sapiens 50-150 unitless
705 Number of olfactory receptor cells Human Homo sapiens 12000000 unitless
706 Number of cilia per olfactory receptor cell Human Homo sapiens 30-Oct unitless
707 Average time between blinks Human Homo sapiens 2.8 sec
708 Average duration of a single eye blink Human Homo sapiens 0.1-0.4 sec
709 Number of retinal cone receptor cells Human Homo sapiens 5000000-6000000 unitless
710 Number of retinal rod receptor cells Human Homo sapiens 120-140 million unitless
711 Amount of photons necessary to excite a rod Human Homo sapiens 1 unitless
712 Amount of photons necessary to excite a cone Human Homo sapiens 100 unitless
713 Weight of skin Human Homo sapiens 4.1 kg
714 Number of tactile receptors in the hand Human Homo sapiens 17000 unitless
715 Thermal pain threshold Human Homo sapiens 45 deg C
716 Mass of a large sensory neuron Human Homo sapiens 0.000001 gram
717 Number of synapses for a "typical" neuron Human Homo sapiens 1000-10000 unitless
718 Conduction velocity of action potential Unspecified 0.6-120 m/s
719 Single sodium pump maximum transport rate of Na ions Unspecified 200 1/s
720 Single sodium pump maximum transport rate of K ions Unspecified 130 1/s
721 Typical number of sodium pumps Unspecified 1000 pumps/micron^2
722 Total number of sodium pumps for a small neuron Unspecified 1000000 unitless
723 Typical synaptic cleft distance Unspecified 20-40 nanometer
724 Number of molecules of neurotransmitter in one synaptic vesicle Unspecified 5000 unitless
725 percent brain utilization of total resting oxygen Human Homo sapiens 20 percent