Biomod/2011/TUM/TNT/Glossary: Difference between revisions
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<h3>FOB</h3>FOB is short for folding buffer. It contains 50mM Tris and 10mM EDTA. FOBxM refers to FOB without MgCl<sub>2</sub>, whereas FOB20 is FOB with 20mM MgCl<sub>2</sub> | <h3>FOB</h3>FOB is short for folding buffer. It contains 50mM Tris and 10mM EDTA. FOBxM refers to FOB without MgCl<sub>2</sub>, whereas FOB20 is FOB with 20mM MgCl<sub>2</sub> | ||
<h3>FRET</h3> | |||
In short, FRET is a fluorescence based approach often used in biosciences to measure distances in the lengthscale of up to ca. 10nm. For more explanation, please read the [http://openwetware.org/wiki/Biomod/2011/TUM/TNT/Methods/FRET entry in the methods section]. | |||
<h3>Intercalation</h3>Intercalation is known to occur without interfering with hydrogen bonding of the base pairs and obeys the nearest neighbor exclusion principle. When DNA is saturated with intercalators, every second potential intercalation site on the helix remains empty. In order for intercalation to ensue, theDNAbase pairs separate 3.4 °A to form a cavity for the incoming planar ligand through localized left-handed unwinding of the duplex. The normal twist of B-formDNA is 36◦ (10 base pairs per one turn of 360◦). In order to accommodate the ligand, a reduction of this rotation occurs. The unwinding angle varies with the geometry of the ligand–DNA complex. | <h3>Intercalation</h3>Intercalation is known to occur without interfering with hydrogen bonding of the base pairs and obeys the nearest neighbor exclusion principle. When DNA is saturated with intercalators, every second potential intercalation site on the helix remains empty. In order for intercalation to ensue, theDNAbase pairs separate 3.4 °A to form a cavity for the incoming planar ligand through localized left-handed unwinding of the duplex. The normal twist of B-formDNA is 36◦ (10 base pairs per one turn of 360◦). In order to accommodate the ligand, a reduction of this rotation occurs. The unwinding angle varies with the geometry of the ligand–DNA complex. | ||
Revision as of 22:17, 31 October 2011
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TUM NanU - Home
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Glossary
http://openwetware.org/index.php?title=Biomod/2011/TUM/TNT/Glossary&action=edit
ATTO dyes
We use the Atto dyes Atto 550 and Atto 647N.
DAPI
DAPI is an unfused aromatic ring system linked by bonds with torsional freedom which allow the molecules to adopt appropriate conformation to fit the helical curvature of the groove without significant perturbation of the DNA. DAPI has demonstrated DNA binding via intercalation with poly[d(GC)]. It is a nonclasical intercalator. (Strekowski et.al.)
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/DAPI.svg/300px-DAPI.svg.png
DNA dissociation constants
| Compound | Binding mode | KD |
| DAPI | groove binding | 0.9 nM |
| DAPI | intercalation | 8.3 µM |
| Spermine | groove binding | 4.8 µM |
| Ethidium bromide | intercalation | 12.0 µM |
Ethidium bromide
FOB
FRET
In short, FRET is a fluorescence based approach often used in biosciences to measure distances in the lengthscale of up to ca. 10nm. For more explanation, please read the entry in the methods section.
Intercalation
In spite of the wealth of structural data known for intercalation complexes, the origin of the intercalation forces is not fully understood. Intercalation has been generally considered to be the result of a hydrophobic interaction in which a hydrophobic aromatic molecule is drawn to a hydrophobic environment of the base pairs from the hydrophilic aqueous environment.
Spermine
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Spermine.svg/500px-Spermine.svg.png
Transmission electron microscopy (TEM)
Organic samples can be prepared with high atomic number stains to enhance contrast. Electrons can pass through the biological structure and are absorbed or scattered by the stain.