Report Wiki Summary

Overview

We seek to understand how microgravity affects embryonic development in rats and how, if possible, to restore normal growth to embryos while still in microgravity conditions.

Background

We do not currently understand the effect gravity has on cells, but it appears critical to development. Understanding the role gravity plays is an essential step in increasing the human presence in space. Embryonic development has been simulated in microgravity conditions on earth before, and it has been found that the embryos were not able to develop to term. However, already pregnant rats have successfully given birth in space before. It is thought that this developmental failure is a result of the lack of formation of micro tubules at the cellular level, and that this failure happens relatively early in the development process.

Project Description

We hope to precisely identify the time that gravity becomes critical to further development. We will incubate mice embryos under microgravity conditions (actually in an environment with no net gravitational force), and vary the length of time they are allowed to develop both with and without gravity before implantation. It is our hope that we can identify a critical phase of development that requires gravity. In other words, we hope to isolate a (hopefully narrow) window of time that an embryo removed from microgravity before or placed in after will develop normally. We will then examine the embryos at this stage and examine what signal pathways are active and how the cell is interacting with its cytoskelaton support. At this point, we would seek to develop an artificial means of triggering the identified signaling pathways. If time and resources permit, we would also attempt to isolate proteins upstream to begin to understand the mechanism by which gravity acts on it.

Goal

Identify the gravity dependent components of embryonic development and develop a signal or environmental based factor capable of restoring development potential. Additionally, by identifying the pathways that gravity affects, we can identify the proteins and perhaps the mechanism by which cells sense the small force.

Experimental Procedure Summary

Because a mouse must be implanted within five days of zygote formation, without access to a space laborartoy we are limited to testing in this period of time. We will test whether the embryos still develop after being in microgravity conditions for 0-5 days. We will place 5 mice in on day 1 (group A), and one additional mouse from group B everyday. One mouse will be removed from group A everyday as well. All mice will be implanted on day 5.

After data analysis, will repeat microgravity conditions to get the embryos at the critical failure stage, and using RNA-seq sequence both a normal gravity and a microgravity mouse embryo. These steps will repeat until the difference is identified.

Once the mRNA has been isolated, will analyze to determine protein. Literature will be consulted for what role protein plays in pathway. Will attempt to activate protein or anything downstream afterwards. Specifics of this will depend on the pathway identified.

Materials

3D Clinostat (for microgravity simulation) or access to ISS
Fertalized mice embryos and media to culture
Female mice
Materials needed to perform RNA-seq assay