Anthony J. Wavrin Week 11: Difference between revisions
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**91 genes were up regulated. | **91 genes were up regulated. | ||
====Figure 4==== | ====Figure 4==== | ||
*only 6 of the 13 overlapping genes between Murata, Sahara, and Schade, and this study were consistently | *only 6 of the 13 overlapping genes between Murata, Sahara, and Schade, and this study were consistently up-regulated in all studies. | ||
*only 5 of the 16 overlapping genes between Murata, Sahara, and Schade, and this study were consistently | *only 5 of the 16 overlapping genes between Murata, Sahara, and Schade, and this study were consistently down-regulated in all studies. | ||
====Figure 5==== | ====Figure 5==== | ||
*Overall, there is little overlap between genes that were regulated between batch studies and this study with the growth rate studies. | |||
*This indicates the lack on consistency between data and may suggest other factors affecting the regulation besides solely cold shock. | |||
====Figure 6==== | |||
*While there is small overlap between the ESR study and the Batch studies, there is consistency between down-regulated genes and up-regulated genes. | |||
*This is more overlap between the ESR study and this study but, there is a very obvious conflict in which genes that are down-regulated in the ESR study and up-regulated in this study and vice versa. |
Revision as of 22:34, 3 April 2013
Definitions
Outline
Introduction
- Microorganisms are susceptible to temperature changes due to their inability to move, thus they must have physiological means to adapt to these changing environments.
- The temperature situation tested in this study was the effect of cold temperatures, termed cold shock.
- Recent studies have also looked at cold shock in yeast but, used a method of growing them in batch cultures.
- In this study, yeast were grown in chemostats to keep the conditions more constant.
- The yeast's adaptation to cold shock is determined by looking at changes in the transcriptome.
Materials and Methods
- The yeast are grown in four different conditions:
- 12C with glucose as a limiting nutrient (experimental)
- 30C with glucose as a limiting nutrient (control)
- 12C with ammonium as a limiting nutrient (experimental)
- 30C with ammonium as a limiting nutrient (control)
- Two different limiting nutrients were used to censor the nutrient dependent changes in the transcriptome.
- The chemostat had a 1.0 liter culture of defined synthetic media with either glucose or ammonia as a limiting nutrient.
- The yeast strain used was CEN.PK113-7D (MATa) and was in a haploid state.
- The growth rate of the yeast was constant at 0.03 h-1, which is 75% max growth rate at 12C and 10% max growth rate at 30C.
- The study used a pair-wise analysis of the DNA microarray data for transcription levels and used Fisher's exact test with a Bonferroni correction for overrepresentation of transcription-factor binding sites.
Results
Table 1
- Table 1 shows that the chemostat conditions were either ammonia or glucose limiting by reporting the residual ammonia or glucose, respectively.
- Growth efficiency between the yeast at 12C and 30C was also relatively constant.
- Utilization of glucose and production of ethanol and carbon dioxide are not severely different between 12ºC and 30ºC.
Figure 1
- Figure 1 shows the overlap between significant changes in the transcriptome by gene of the yeast limited by either glucose or ammonia.
- In total, 1065 genes were significantly "regulated" but, only 235 genes were consistent in both conditions.
- This is a visual representation of genes that may be nutrient limiting specifically regulated.
Figure 2
- Genes that were down regulated at 12C in both nutrient limiting conditions are involved with carbohydrate metabolism, response to stimulus, and transportation.
- Genes that were up regulated at 12C in both nutrient limiting conditions are involved with nuclear export, ribosome biogenesis and assembly, and rRNA processing.
Table 2
- There were no indications of a build up trehalose or glycogen in the yeast at 12C in either condition.
- Ammonium limiting yeast had a significant more amount of protein per dry weight at 12C compared to 30C.
Table 3
Table 3A
- In nitrogen limited yeast, the motif STRE which regulates Msn2/Msn4 and the motif GATAA which codes for Gln3/Gat1/Dal80/Gzf3 is down regulated
- Msn2/Msn4 is a transcriptional regulator that is activated in stress conditions.
- Gln3/Gat1/Dal80/Gzf3 are associated with nitrogen catabolism.
- In nitrogen and glucose limited yeast,the motif PAC is up regulated.
Table 3B
- In nitrogen and glucose limited yeast, Hsf1p is down regulated.
- Hsf1p is a trimeric heat shock transcription factor.
- In the transcription factor changes that were present in both nitrogen and glucose limited yeast, there was only down regulation.
Figure 3
- Only 139 of the 256 genes that were reported by Murata, Sahara, and Schade were consistent in either up regulation or down regulation.
- 48 genes were down regulated.
- 91 genes were up regulated.
Figure 4
- only 6 of the 13 overlapping genes between Murata, Sahara, and Schade, and this study were consistently up-regulated in all studies.
- only 5 of the 16 overlapping genes between Murata, Sahara, and Schade, and this study were consistently down-regulated in all studies.
Figure 5
- Overall, there is little overlap between genes that were regulated between batch studies and this study with the growth rate studies.
- This indicates the lack on consistency between data and may suggest other factors affecting the regulation besides solely cold shock.
Figure 6
- While there is small overlap between the ESR study and the Batch studies, there is consistency between down-regulated genes and up-regulated genes.
- This is more overlap between the ESR study and this study but, there is a very obvious conflict in which genes that are down-regulated in the ESR study and up-regulated in this study and vice versa.