Escherichia coli/Nomenclature & Abbreviations: Difference between revisions
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*'''r<sub>B/K</sub><sup>+/-</sup>''' = The (B/K) defines the strain lineage. The +/- indicates whether the strain has or hasn't got the restriction system. | *'''r<sub>B/K</sub><sup>+/-</sup>''' = The (B/K) defines the strain lineage. The +/- indicates whether the strain has or hasn't got the restriction system. | ||
*'''m<sub>B/K</sub><sup>+/-</sup>''' = The (B/K) defines the strain lineage. The +/- indicates whether the strain has or hasn't got the modification (methylation) system. | *'''m<sub>B/K</sub><sup>+/-</sup>''' = The (B/K) defines the strain lineage. The +/- indicates whether the strain has or hasn't got the modification (methylation) system. | ||
*'''hsdS''' = Both restriction and methylation of certain sequences is deleted from the strain. If you transform DNA from such a strain into a wild type strain, it will be degraded. | *'''[[Ecoliwiki:hsdS|hsdS]]''' = Both restriction and methylation of certain sequences is deleted from the strain. If you transform DNA from such a strain into a wild type strain, it will be degraded. | ||
*'''hsdR''' = For efficient transformation of cloned unmethylated DNA from PCR amplifications | *'''[[Ecoliwiki:hsdR|hsdR]]''' = For efficient transformation of cloned unmethylated DNA from PCR amplifications | ||
*'''INV( )''' = chromosomal inversion between locations indicated | *'''INV( )''' = chromosomal inversion between locations indicated | ||
*'''ahpC''' = mutation to alkyl hydroperoxide reductase conferring disulfide reductase activity | *'''[[Ecoliwiki:ahpC|ahpC]]''' = mutation to alkyl hydroperoxide reductase conferring disulfide reductase activity | ||
*'''ara-14''' = cannot metabolize arabinose | *'''ara-14''' = cannot metabolize arabinose | ||
*'''araD''' = mutation in L-ribulose-phosphate 4-epimerase blocks arabinose metabolism | *'''[[Ecoliwiki:araD|araD]]''' = mutation in L-ribulose-phosphate 4-epimerase blocks arabinose metabolism | ||
*'''cycA''' = mutation in alanine transporter; cannot use alanine as a carbon source | *'''[[Ecoliwiki:cycA|cycA]]''' = mutation in alanine transporter; cannot use alanine as a carbon source | ||
*'''dapD''' = mutation in succinyl diaminopimelate aminotransferase leads to succinate or (lysine + methionine) requirement | *'''[[Ecoliwiki:dapD|dapD]]''' = mutation in succinyl diaminopimelate aminotransferase leads to succinate or (lysine + methionine) requirement | ||
*'''Δ( )''' = chromosomal deletion of genes between the listed genes (may include unlisted genes!) | *'''Δ( )''' = chromosomal deletion of genes between the listed genes (may include unlisted genes!) | ||
*'''dam''' = adenine methylation at GATC sequences | *'''[[Ecoliwiki:dam|dam]]''' = adenine methylation at GATC sequences exist; high recombination efficiency; DNA repair turned on | ||
*'''dcm''' = cytosine methylation at second C of CCWGG sites | *'''[[Ecoliwiki:dcm|dcm]]''' = cytosine methylation at second C of CCWGG sites exist. dam & dcm are the default properties and always elided, while dam<sup>-</sup> or dcm<sup>-</sup> should be declare explicitly | ||
*'''deoR''' = regulatory gene that allows constitutive expression of deoxyribose synthesis genes; permits uptake of large plasmids. See Hanahan D, [http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?u=/netahtml/srchnum.htm&Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&r=1&l=50&f=G&d=PALL&s1=4851348.WKU.&OS=PN/4851348&RS=PN/4851348 US Patent 4,851,348]. | *'''[http://www.invitrogen.com/site/us/en/home/Products-and-Services/Applications/Cloning/Transformation/expression-competent-cells.html DE3]''' = Lysogen that encodes T7 RNA polymerase. Used to induce expression in T7-driven expression systems | ||
*'''dnaJ''' = one of the chaparonins inactivated; stabilizes some mutant proteins | *'''[[Ecoliwiki:deoR|deoR]]''' = regulatory gene that allows constitutive expression of deoxyribose synthesis genes; permits uptake of large plasmids. See Hanahan D, [http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?u=/netahtml/srchnum.htm&Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&r=1&l=50&f=G&d=PALL&s1=4851348.WKU.&OS=PN/4851348&RS=PN/4851348 US Patent 4,851,348]. ***This has been called into question, as the DH10B genome sequence revealed that it is deoR<sup>+</sup>. See Durfee08, PMID 18245285. | ||
*''' | *'''[[Ecoliwiki:dnaJ|dnaJ]]''' = one of the chaparonins inactivated; stabilizes some mutant proteins | ||
*'''endA1''' = For cleaner preparations of DNA and better results in downstream applications due to the elimination of non-specific digestion by Endonuclease I | *'''[[Ecoliwiki:dut|dut]]1''' = dUTPase activity abolished, leading to increased dUTP concentrations, allowing uracil instead of thymine incorporation in DNA. Stable U incorporation requires ung gene mutation as well. | ||
*'''[[Ecoliwiki:endA|endA1]]''' = For cleaner preparations of DNA and better results in downstream applications due to the elimination of non-specific digestion by Endonuclease I | |||
*'''(e14)''' = excisable prophage like element containing mcrA gene; present in K-12 but missing in many other strains | *'''(e14)''' = excisable prophage like element containing mcrA gene; present in K-12 but missing in many other strains | ||
*'''galE''' = mutations are associated with high competence | *'''[[Ecoliwiki:galE|galE]]''' = mutations are associated with high competence, increased resistance to phage P1 infection, and 2-deoxygalactose resistance. galE mutations block the production of UDP-galactose, resulting in truncation of LPS glycans to the minimal, "inner core". The exceptional competence of DH10B/TOP10 is thought to be a result of a reduced interference from LPS in the binding and/or uptake of transforming DNA. galE15 is a point mutation resulting in a Ser123 -> Phe conversion near the enzyme's active site. See van Die, et al. PMID 6373734, Hanahan, et al. PMID 1943786, and EcoSal ISBN 1555811647. --[[User:Dcekiert|Dcekiert]] 16:56, 23 January 2008 (CST) | ||
*'''galK | *'''[[Ecoliwiki:galK|galk]]''' = mutants cannot metabolize galactose and are resistant to 2-deoxygalactose. galK16 is an IS2 insertion ~170bp downstream of the galK start codon. See EcoSal ISBN 1555811647. --[[User:Dcekiert|Dcekiert]] 16:56, 23 January 2008 (CST) | ||
*'''gor''' = mutation in glutathione reductase; enhances disulphide bond formation | *'''[[Ecoliwiki:galU|galU]]''' = mutants cannot metabolize galactose | ||
*'''glnV''' = suppression of amber (UAG) stop codons by insertion of glutamine; required for some phage growth | *'''[[Ecoliwiki:gor|gor]]''' = mutation in glutathione reductase; enhances disulphide bond formation | ||
*'''gyrA96''' = mutation in DNA gyrase; conveys nalidixic acid resistance | *'''[[Ecoliwiki:glnV|glnV]]''' = suppression of amber (UAG) stop codons by insertion of glutamine; required for some phage growth | ||
*'''[[Ecoliwiki:gyrA|gyrA96]]''' = mutation in DNA gyrase; conveys nalidixic acid resistance | |||
*'''gyrA462''' = mutation in DNA gyrase; conveys resistance to ccdB colicin gene product | *'''gyrA462''' = mutation in DNA gyrase; conveys resistance to ccdB colicin gene product | ||
*'''hflA150''' = protease mutation stabilizing phage cII protein; high frequency of lysogenization by λ | *'''hflA150''' = protease mutation stabilizing phage cII protein; high frequency of lysogenization by λ | ||
*'''Δ(lac)X74''' = Deletion of the entire ''lac'' operon as well as some flanking DNA. | *'''Δ(lac)X74''' = Deletion of the entire ''lac'' operon as well as some flanking DNA (complete deletion is Δcod-mhpF; see Mol.Micro., 6:1335, and J.Bact., 179:2573) | ||
*'''lacI<sup>q</sup>''' or '''lacI<sup>Q</sup>''' = overproduction of the lac repressor protein; -35 site in promoter upstream of ''lacI'' is mutated from GCGCAA to GTGCAA | *'''lacI<sup>q</sup>''' or '''lacI<sup>Q</sup>''' = overproduction of the lac repressor protein; -35 site in promoter upstream of ''lacI'' is mutated from GCGCAA to GTGCAA | ||
*'''lacI<sup>Q1</sup>''' = overproduction of the lac repressor protein; contains a 15 bp deletion to create optimal -35 site in promoter upstream of ''lacI'' | *'''lacI<sup>Q1</sup>''' = overproduction of the lac repressor protein; contains a 15 bp deletion to create optimal -35 site in promoter upstream of ''lacI'' | ||
*'''lacY''' = deficient in lactose transport; deletion of lactose permease (M protein) | *'''lacY''' = deficient in lactose transport; deletion of lactose permease (M protein) | ||
*'''lacZΔM15''' = partial deletion of the lacZ gene that allows α complementation of the β-galactosidase gene; required for blue/white selection on XGal plates. Deletes the amino portion of lacZ (aa 11-41). | *'''lacZΔM15''' = partial deletion of the lacZ gene that allows α complementation of the β-galactosidase gene; required for blue/white selection on XGal plates. Deletes the amino portion of lacZ (aa 11-41). | ||
*'''leuB''' = requires leucine | * '''LAM-''' or '''λ-''' = lambda lysogen deletion; approximate map location: 17.40; information from [http://cgsc.biology.yale.edu/Mutation.php?ID=4499 CGSC] *'''[[User:Karmella Haynes|---Karmella]] 13:02, 21 October 2012 (EDT)''': | ||
*'''Δlon''' = deletion of the lon protease | * '''LamR''' = mutation in malT1 conferring lambda resistance; synonym malT1(LamR) [http://cgsc.biology.yale.edu/Mutation.php?ID=4749] *'''[[User:Karmella Haynes|---Karmella]] 13:35, 21 October 2012 (EDT)''': | ||
*'''malA''' = cannot metabolize maltose | *'''[[Ecoliwiki:leuB|leuB]]''' = requires leucine | ||
*'''mcrA''' = Mutation eliminating restriction of DNA methylated at the sequence C<sup>m</sup>CGG (possibly <sup>m</sup>CG). Carried on the e14 prophage (q.v.) | *'''Δ[[Ecoliwiki:lon|lon]]''' = deletion of the lon protease | ||
*'''mcrB''' = Mutation eliminating restriction of DNA methylated at the sequence R<sup>m</sup>C | *'''[[Ecoliwiki:malA|malA]]''' = cannot metabolize maltose | ||
*'''metB''' = requires methionine | *'''[[Ecoliwiki:mcrA|mcrA]]''' = Mutation eliminating restriction of DNA methylated at the sequence C<sup>m</sup>CGG (possibly <sup>m</sup>CG). Carried on the e14 prophage (q.v.) | ||
*'''metC''' = requires methionine | *'''[[Ecoliwiki:mcrB|mcrB]]''' = Mutation eliminating restriction of DNA methylated at the sequence R<sup>m</sup>C | ||
*'''mrr''' = Mutation eliminating restriction of DNA methylated at the sequence C<sup>m</sup>AG or G<sup>m</sup>AC | *'''[[Ecoliwiki:metB|metB]]''' = requires methionine | ||
*'''[[Ecoliwiki:metC|metC]]''' = requires methionine | |||
*'''[[Ecoliwiki:mrr|mrr]]''' = Mutation eliminating restriction of DNA methylated at the sequence C<sup>m</sup>AG or G<sup>m</sup>AC | |||
*'''mtlA''' = cannot metabilize mannitol | *'''mtlA''' = cannot metabilize mannitol | ||
*'''(Mu)''' = Mu prophage present. Muδ means the phage is defective. | *'''(Mu)''' = Mu prophage present. Muδ means the phage is defective. | ||
*'''mutS''' - mutation inhibits DNA repair of mismatches in unmethylated newly synthesized strands | *'''[[Ecoliwiki:mutS|mutS]]''' - mutation inhibits DNA repair of mismatches in unmethylated newly synthesized strands | ||
*'''nupG''' = same as deoR | *'''[[Ecoliwiki:nupG|nupG]]''' = same as [[Ecoliwiki:deoR|deoR]] | ||
*'''ompT''' = mutation in outer membrane protein protease VII, reducing proteolysis of expressed proteins | *'''[[Ecoliwiki:ompT|ompT]]''' = mutation in outer membrane protein protease VII, reducing proteolysis of expressed proteins | ||
*'''(P1)''' = Cell carries a P1 prophage. Cells express the P1 restriction system. | *'''(P1)''' = Cell carries a P1 prophage. Cells express the P1 restriction system. | ||
*'''(P2)''' = Cell carries a P2 prophage. Allows selection against Red+ Gam+ λ | *'''(P2)''' = Cell carries a P2 prophage. Allows selection against Red+ Gam+ λ | ||
*'''(φ80)''' = Cell carries the lambdoid prophage φ80. A defective version of this phage carrying lacZM15 deletion (as well as | *'''(φ80)''' = Cell carries the lambdoid prophage φ80. A defective version of this phage carrying lacZM15 deletion (as well as wild-type lacI, lacYA, and flanking sequences) is present in some strains. The φ80 attachment site is just adjacent to tonB. | ||
*'''pLysS''' = contains pLysS plasmid carrying chloramphenicol resistance and phage T7 lysozyme, effective at attenuating activity of T7 RNA polymerase, for better inhibition of expression under non-induced conditions. The sequence can be found [http://www.emdbiosciences.com/docs/NDIS/69659-000.HTML here]. | *'''[[Ecoliwiki:pLysS|pLysS]]''' = contains pLysS plasmid carrying chloramphenicol resistance and phage T7 lysozyme, effective at attenuating activity of T7 RNA polymerase, for better inhibition of expression under non-induced conditions. The sequence can be found [http://www.emdbiosciences.com/docs/NDIS/69659-000.HTML here]. | ||
*'''proA/B''' = requires proline | *'''proA/B''' = requires proline | ||
*'''recA1''' = For reduced occurrence of unwanted recombination in cloned DNA; cells UV sensitive, deficient in DNA repair | *'''recA1''' = For reduced occurrence of unwanted recombination in cloned DNA; cells UV sensitive, deficient in DNA repair | ||
*'''recA13''' = as for recA1, but inserts less stable. | *'''recA13''' = as for recA1, but inserts less stable. | ||
*'''recBCD''' = Exonuclease V; mutation in RecB or RecC reduces general recombination by a factor of 100; impaired DNA repair; UV sensitive, easier propagation of inverted repeats | *'''[[Ecoliwiki:recBCD|recBCD]]''' = Exonuclease V; mutation in RecB or RecC reduces general recombination by a factor of 100; impaired DNA repair; UV sensitive, easier propagation of inverted repeats | ||
*'''recJ''' Exonuclease involved in alternate recombination | *'''[[Ecoliwiki:recJ|recJ]]''' Exonuclease involved in alternate recombination | ||
*'''relA''' = relaxed phenotype; permits RNA synthesis in absence of protein synthesis | *'''[[Ecoliwiki:relA|relA]]''' = relaxed phenotype; permits RNA synthesis in absence of protein synthesis | ||
*'''rha''' = blocked rhamose metabolism | *'''[[Ecoliwiki:rha|rha]]''' = blocked rhamose metabolism | ||
*'''rnc''' = encodes RnaseIII (rnc-14 is a common null mutant) | *'''[[Ecoliwiki:rnc|rnc]]''' = encodes RnaseIII (rnc-14 is a common null mutant) | ||
*'''rne''' = encodes RnaseE (rne-3071 is a common temperature sensitive mutant) | *'''[[Ecoliwiki:rne|rne]]''' = encodes RnaseE (rne-3071 is a common temperature sensitive mutant) | ||
*'''rpsL''' = mutation in ribosomal protein S12 conveying streptomycin resistance; also called strA | *'''[[Ecoliwiki:rpsL|rpsL]]''' = mutation in ribosomal protein S12 conveying streptomycin resistance; also called strA, rpsL135(strR), strA135 [http://cgsc.biology.yale.edu/Mutation.php?ID=5280] *'''[[User:Karmella Haynes|---Karmella]] 13:27, 21 October 2012 (EDT)''': | ||
*'''sbcBC''' = ExoI activity abolished; usually present in recBC strains; recombination proficient, stable inverted repeats | *'''sbcBC''' = ExoI activity abolished; usually present in recBC strains; recombination proficient, stable inverted repeats | ||
*'''srl''' = cannot metabolize sorbitol | *'''[[Ecoliwiki:srl|sr1]]''' = cannot metabolize sorbitol | ||
*'''supE''' = glnV | *'''supE''' = [[Ecoliwiki:glnV|glnV]] | ||
*'''supF''' = tyrT | *'''supF''' = [[Ecoliwiki:tyrT|tyrT]] | ||
*'''thi''' = requires thiamine | *'''[[Ecoliwiki:thi|thi]]''' = requires thiamine | ||
*'''thyA''' = requires thymidine | *'''[[Ecoliwiki:thyA|thyA]]''' = requires thymidine | ||
*'''Tn10''' = transposon normally carrying Tetracycline resistance | *'''Tn10''' = transposon normally carrying Tetracycline resistance | ||
*'''Tn5''' = transposon normally carrying Kanamycin resistance | *'''Tn5''' = transposon normally carrying Kanamycin resistance | ||
*'''tonA''' = Mutation in outer membrane protein conveying resistance to phage T1 and phage T5 | *'''[[Ecoliwiki:tonA|tonA]]''' = Mutation in outer membrane protein conveying resistance to phage T1 and phage T5 | ||
*'''traD''' = Mutation eliminating transfer factor; prevents transfer of F plasmid | *'''[[Ecoliwiki:traD|traD]]''' = Mutation eliminating transfer factor; prevents transfer of F plasmid | ||
*'''trxB''' = mutation in thioredoxin reductase; enhances disulphide bond formation in the cytoplasm | *'''[[Ecoliwiki:trxB|trxB]]''' = mutation in thioredoxin reductase; enhances disulphide bond formation in the cytoplasm | ||
*'''tsx''' = outer membrane protein mutation conveying resistance to phage T6 and colicin K | *'''[[Ecoliwiki:tsx|tsx]]''' = outer membrane protein mutation conveying resistance to phage T6 and colicin K | ||
*'''tyrT''' = suppression of amber (UAG) stop codons by insertion of tyrosine; needed for some phage infection such as λgt11. | *'''[[Ecoliwiki:tyrT|tyrT]]''' = suppression of amber (UAG) stop codons by insertion of tyrosine; needed for some phage infection such as λgt11. | ||
*'''ung1''' = allows uracil to exist in plasmid DNA | *'''ung1''' = allows uracil to exist in plasmid DNA | ||
*'''xyl-5''' = blocked xylose metabolism | *'''xyl-5''' = blocked xylose metabolism |
Revision as of 10:35, 21 October 2012
A listed gene name means that gene carries a loss of function mutation, a Δ preceding a gene name means the gene is deleted. If a gene is not listed, it is not known to be mutated. Prophages present in wt K-12 strains (F, λ, e14, rac) are listed only if absent. E. coli B strains are naturally lon- and dcm-.
- F- = Does not carry the F plasmid
- F+ = Carries the F plasmid. The cell is able to mate with F- through conjugation.
- F'[ ] = Carries an F plasmid that has host chromosomal genes on it from a previous recombination event. This cell can also mate with F- through conjugation. Chromosomal genes carried in the F plasmid are listed in brackets.
- rB/K+/- = The (B/K) defines the strain lineage. The +/- indicates whether the strain has or hasn't got the restriction system.
- mB/K+/- = The (B/K) defines the strain lineage. The +/- indicates whether the strain has or hasn't got the modification (methylation) system.
- hsdS = Both restriction and methylation of certain sequences is deleted from the strain. If you transform DNA from such a strain into a wild type strain, it will be degraded.
- hsdR = For efficient transformation of cloned unmethylated DNA from PCR amplifications
- INV( ) = chromosomal inversion between locations indicated
- ahpC = mutation to alkyl hydroperoxide reductase conferring disulfide reductase activity
- ara-14 = cannot metabolize arabinose
- araD = mutation in L-ribulose-phosphate 4-epimerase blocks arabinose metabolism
- cycA = mutation in alanine transporter; cannot use alanine as a carbon source
- dapD = mutation in succinyl diaminopimelate aminotransferase leads to succinate or (lysine + methionine) requirement
- Δ( ) = chromosomal deletion of genes between the listed genes (may include unlisted genes!)
- dam = adenine methylation at GATC sequences exist; high recombination efficiency; DNA repair turned on
- dcm = cytosine methylation at second C of CCWGG sites exist. dam & dcm are the default properties and always elided, while dam- or dcm- should be declare explicitly
- DE3 = Lysogen that encodes T7 RNA polymerase. Used to induce expression in T7-driven expression systems
- deoR = regulatory gene that allows constitutive expression of deoxyribose synthesis genes; permits uptake of large plasmids. See Hanahan D, US Patent 4,851,348. ***This has been called into question, as the DH10B genome sequence revealed that it is deoR+. See Durfee08, PMID 18245285.
- dnaJ = one of the chaparonins inactivated; stabilizes some mutant proteins
- dut1 = dUTPase activity abolished, leading to increased dUTP concentrations, allowing uracil instead of thymine incorporation in DNA. Stable U incorporation requires ung gene mutation as well.
- endA1 = For cleaner preparations of DNA and better results in downstream applications due to the elimination of non-specific digestion by Endonuclease I
- (e14) = excisable prophage like element containing mcrA gene; present in K-12 but missing in many other strains
- galE = mutations are associated with high competence, increased resistance to phage P1 infection, and 2-deoxygalactose resistance. galE mutations block the production of UDP-galactose, resulting in truncation of LPS glycans to the minimal, "inner core". The exceptional competence of DH10B/TOP10 is thought to be a result of a reduced interference from LPS in the binding and/or uptake of transforming DNA. galE15 is a point mutation resulting in a Ser123 -> Phe conversion near the enzyme's active site. See van Die, et al. PMID 6373734, Hanahan, et al. PMID 1943786, and EcoSal ISBN 1555811647. --Dcekiert 16:56, 23 January 2008 (CST)
- galk = mutants cannot metabolize galactose and are resistant to 2-deoxygalactose. galK16 is an IS2 insertion ~170bp downstream of the galK start codon. See EcoSal ISBN 1555811647. --Dcekiert 16:56, 23 January 2008 (CST)
- galU = mutants cannot metabolize galactose
- gor = mutation in glutathione reductase; enhances disulphide bond formation
- glnV = suppression of amber (UAG) stop codons by insertion of glutamine; required for some phage growth
- gyrA96 = mutation in DNA gyrase; conveys nalidixic acid resistance
- gyrA462 = mutation in DNA gyrase; conveys resistance to ccdB colicin gene product
- hflA150 = protease mutation stabilizing phage cII protein; high frequency of lysogenization by λ
- Δ(lac)X74 = Deletion of the entire lac operon as well as some flanking DNA (complete deletion is Δcod-mhpF; see Mol.Micro., 6:1335, and J.Bact., 179:2573)
- lacIq or lacIQ = overproduction of the lac repressor protein; -35 site in promoter upstream of lacI is mutated from GCGCAA to GTGCAA
- lacIQ1 = overproduction of the lac repressor protein; contains a 15 bp deletion to create optimal -35 site in promoter upstream of lacI
- lacY = deficient in lactose transport; deletion of lactose permease (M protein)
- lacZΔM15 = partial deletion of the lacZ gene that allows α complementation of the β-galactosidase gene; required for blue/white selection on XGal plates. Deletes the amino portion of lacZ (aa 11-41).
- LAM- or λ- = lambda lysogen deletion; approximate map location: 17.40; information from CGSC *---Karmella 13:02, 21 October 2012 (EDT):
- LamR = mutation in malT1 conferring lambda resistance; synonym malT1(LamR) [1] *---Karmella 13:35, 21 October 2012 (EDT):
- leuB = requires leucine
- Δlon = deletion of the lon protease
- malA = cannot metabolize maltose
- mcrA = Mutation eliminating restriction of DNA methylated at the sequence CmCGG (possibly mCG). Carried on the e14 prophage (q.v.)
- mcrB = Mutation eliminating restriction of DNA methylated at the sequence RmC
- metB = requires methionine
- metC = requires methionine
- mrr = Mutation eliminating restriction of DNA methylated at the sequence CmAG or GmAC
- mtlA = cannot metabilize mannitol
- (Mu) = Mu prophage present. Muδ means the phage is defective.
- mutS - mutation inhibits DNA repair of mismatches in unmethylated newly synthesized strands
- nupG = same as deoR
- ompT = mutation in outer membrane protein protease VII, reducing proteolysis of expressed proteins
- (P1) = Cell carries a P1 prophage. Cells express the P1 restriction system.
- (P2) = Cell carries a P2 prophage. Allows selection against Red+ Gam+ λ
- (φ80) = Cell carries the lambdoid prophage φ80. A defective version of this phage carrying lacZM15 deletion (as well as wild-type lacI, lacYA, and flanking sequences) is present in some strains. The φ80 attachment site is just adjacent to tonB.
- pLysS = contains pLysS plasmid carrying chloramphenicol resistance and phage T7 lysozyme, effective at attenuating activity of T7 RNA polymerase, for better inhibition of expression under non-induced conditions. The sequence can be found here.
- proA/B = requires proline
- recA1 = For reduced occurrence of unwanted recombination in cloned DNA; cells UV sensitive, deficient in DNA repair
- recA13 = as for recA1, but inserts less stable.
- recBCD = Exonuclease V; mutation in RecB or RecC reduces general recombination by a factor of 100; impaired DNA repair; UV sensitive, easier propagation of inverted repeats
- recJ Exonuclease involved in alternate recombination
- relA = relaxed phenotype; permits RNA synthesis in absence of protein synthesis
- rha = blocked rhamose metabolism
- rnc = encodes RnaseIII (rnc-14 is a common null mutant)
- rne = encodes RnaseE (rne-3071 is a common temperature sensitive mutant)
- rpsL = mutation in ribosomal protein S12 conveying streptomycin resistance; also called strA, rpsL135(strR), strA135 [2] *---Karmella 13:27, 21 October 2012 (EDT):
- sbcBC = ExoI activity abolished; usually present in recBC strains; recombination proficient, stable inverted repeats
- sr1 = cannot metabolize sorbitol
- supE = glnV
- supF = tyrT
- thi = requires thiamine
- thyA = requires thymidine
- Tn10 = transposon normally carrying Tetracycline resistance
- Tn5 = transposon normally carrying Kanamycin resistance
- tonA = Mutation in outer membrane protein conveying resistance to phage T1 and phage T5
- traD = Mutation eliminating transfer factor; prevents transfer of F plasmid
- trxB = mutation in thioredoxin reductase; enhances disulphide bond formation in the cytoplasm
- tsx = outer membrane protein mutation conveying resistance to phage T6 and colicin K
- tyrT = suppression of amber (UAG) stop codons by insertion of tyrosine; needed for some phage infection such as λgt11.
- ung1 = allows uracil to exist in plasmid DNA
- xyl-5 = blocked xylose metabolism
- SmR = Streptomycin resistance