User:James Chappell/ LuxR
Purification of LuxR
Aims:
- Through our modeling it has become clear that in order to get the most effective Infecter detector system we will want the LuxR to be at steady state. This causes a fundamental problem with our construct 1 (pTet-LuxR-pLux-GFP) because it is unlikely that LuxR will reach steady state under control of the pTet promoter.
- The Modeling Section for infecter detector shows how having LuxR at steady state changes the response.
- We therefore are going to try to purify LuxR so we can add it to our reaction mixture.
- We have based our pruification on several protocols to purify LuxR, both of which require plasmids overexpressing LuxR. We managed to obtain the following plasmids:
- pMLU117 courtesy of Dr Everett Greenberg's Laboratory, contains LuxR with a His tag
- pHK724 couretesy of Dr James Slock's Laboratory, contains LuxR
Status
- We tried two seperate purification experiments with these two plasmids, in the end it was the pMLU117 that gave a positive results and is described below. The testing for pHK724 can be found on this link.......
Day 1 - Growing Cells
Inoculation of 100ml of media with BL21 E.coli containing the LuxR-His plasmid
Equipment
- Plate containing BL21 (pMU117) colonies
- Loop
- Bunsen Burner
- Incubator 37°C
Reagents
- LB media containing 200ug of amp
Protocol
- Collect equipment and set up bunsen burner
- Pick 1 colony and using loop innoculate the 100ml of LB medium
- Place flask in incubator at 37°C overnight
Day 2
Equipments
- Stripettes
- Bunsen Burner
- Curvette
- Spectrometer
Reagents
- 2 X 1Litres of LB media containing 200.amp
- 100ml of LB media inncolulated with BL21(pMU117) grown overnight
Protocol
- Collect equipment and set up bunsen burner
- Remove the 1ml of the 1 litre media and place in a curvette
- Remove 50ml of the 100ml media grown overnight and put into 1 litre of LB meida. Repeat this process once again with the other litre of media.
- Mix and place back in incubator at 37°C
- After 3 hours check the O.D.600. To do this first set the reference of the spectrometer by using a curvette containing 1ml, then place 1ml of our litre media and measure. If O.D.600 is at 0.5 then remove cells from incubator.
Day 3
Purification
- This protocol is based on the following protocol from the paper [1]
- It requires the plasmid pMLU117
Reagents
- A Buffer - 50mM Tris-HCL [pH 7.0 at 22°C] 100mM KCL, 50mM NaCl, 2mM EDTA, 2mM dithiothreitol, 10% glycerol, 0.5% Tween 20
- B Buffer - 50mM Tris-HCL [pH 7.0 at 22°C] 50mM KCL, 25mM NaCl, 2mM EDTA, 2mM dithiothreitol, 10% glycerol, 0.5% Tween 20
- 25uM solution AHL
- 1 Litre LB-amp
- NaCl gradients
Equipment
- Temp controlled Centrifuge
- SP column
- LB amp plates
Protocol
Making up Buffers
General Buffer
Total Volume: 1 litre
- Tris-HCl: 0.05 x 131.4= 6.57g
Add 6.57g of Tris-HCl to a minimum amount of distilled water to dissolve it. Then add enough concentrated HCL to bring it to pH 7.0. Then top it up to 870ml with distilled water.
- EDTA: 0.002 x 372.24= 0.744g
Add 0.744g of EDTA to the mixture.
- DTT: 0002 x 154.3= 0.309g
- 10% glycerol
Add 100ml of 100% glycerol to the mixture.
- 0.5% of Tween-20
Add 5 ml of 100% Tween-20 to the mixture.
- AHL stock 1mM
C1V1= C2V2 1 x V1= 0.025 x 1000ml Add 25ml of the stock solution to the mixture.
- Give the mixture a good shake.
BUFFER A
Add NaCl and KCl to 1 liter of the general buffer.
- NaCl: 0.05 x 58.442= 2.922g
Add 2.922g of NaCl to the mixture.
- KCl: 0.1 x 74.55= 7.455g
Add 7.455g of KCl to the mixture.
- Give it a good shake.
BUFFER A with 1M of NaCl
Add NaCl and KCl to 1 liter of the general buffer
- NaCl: 1 x 58.442= 5.8442g
Add 5.8442g of NaCl to the mixture.
- KCl: 0.1 x 74.55= 7.455g
Add 7.455g of KCl to the mixture.
- Give it a good shake.
Buffer B
Add NaCl and KCl to 1 liter of the general buffer
- NaCl: 0.025x 58.442= 1.4611g
Add 1.4611g of NaCl to the mixture.
- KCl: 0.05 x 74.55= 3.7275g
Add 3.7275g KCl to the mixture.
- Give it a good shake.
Prepare Cell Lysate
- Colonies of BL21 with over expressing LuxR plasmid should be streaked onto LB-ampicillin plates and grown over night at 37 °C
- Colonies were used to inoculate a liter of LB-ampicillin prewarmed at 37 °C, this is grown until an OD600 of 0.5 is reached, this is then chilled to 28 °C.
- AHL 25uM and IPTG to final concentration of 1mM is then added with additional ampicillin (200ug/ml) and the culture continued to grown at 28 °C for 4 hours, this step is when we want to express the LuxR protein and so we need to first induce with IPTG, then add AHL for correct LuxR protein folding and finally a lower temperature to try to prevent inclusion body formation
- Cells were harvested by centrifugation at 8000 x g for 10mins at 4 °C and were frozen overnight at -80°C
- The following steps were performed at 4 °C:
- The Cell pellet should be resuspended in 16ml of A buffer and 25uM AHL. This cell suspension should then be sonicated.
- After sonication the lysate was centrifuged at 20,000 x g for 10 min. After this, remove the supernatant and centrifuge again at 100,000 x g for 1.5h.
Chromatography
- The cell extract from 100,000 x g is passed through a 5ml HiTrap herparin column and equilibrated with A buffer and 25uM AHL. Bound proteins are then eluted with a 25ml NaCL step gradient from 0.15 to 1M.
- The fractions collected need to see if they contain LuxR. This can be done using SDS-PAGE electrophoresis
- Now we need to remove the high levels of NaCl from our cell extract. Fractions containing LuxR are then pooled and dialyzed against 500ml of A buffer containing 25uM AHL and 20% (wt/vol) polyethylene glycerol(mw 8000)for four hours.
- After dialysis the sample was diluted 1:1 with a KCL and NaCL free version of A buffer plus 25uM AHL, this gives a final salt concentration of 75mM.
- Now we need to prepare a SP column, this needs to be equilibrated with buffer B and 25uM AHL.Then the sample can be run through and washed with B buffer.
- Finally, to remove the bound protein the SP column can be eluted with 100ml linear NaCl gradients of 0.075 to 0.5M. To test fraction content and purity of LuxR, SDS-PAGE can be carried out.
References
http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/picrender.fcgi?artid=299138&blobtype=pdf https://commerce.metapress.com/content/ueejdk2a2k86ha6f/resource-secured/?target=fulltext.pdf&sid=34whnizlntndbrb3clhmemah&sh=www.springerlink.com
http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=321501
- Additives to increase protein folding:
http://wolfson.huji.ac.il/purification/Protocols/Additives_Folding.html
- General overview on purification of proteins:
http://wolfson.huji.ac.il/purification/PDF/Literature/Middelberg2002.pdf
http://wolfson.huji.ac.il/purification/index.html
- Solutes for refolding proteins:
http://www.proteinscience.org/cgi/reprint/15/2/304
- Protocol for purification of inclusions bodies from e.coli
http://www.bms.ed.ac.uk/research/others/smaciver/Protocols/Inclusions.htm http://www.fhcrc.org/science/labs/strong/StrongLabRefoldingProtocol.pdf http://www.bio.com/protocolstools/protocol.jhtml?id=p495#overview