User:Student 63/Notebook/Biology 210 at AU

'28 January 2016

This lab we were tasked with observing Bacteria, a prokaryotes, and one of the three domains of life. Bacteria, when exposed to a surface such as an agar plate, wil from a morphology known as a colony, which is a unique characteristic for the domain that shows that organism's growth. For our experiment, we charted the growth of bacteria from our hay culture of last week, and obsessed how the bacterium grew in conditions with and without tetracycline.

When first seeing the plates that had grown since our previous lab, only two plates, 10^-3 and 10^-5 nutrient only plates, had developed colonies on them. WE first documented how many colonies were on the agar plate at the start of the experiment. After counting we then proceeded to observe the bacteria in oil immersion, observing them at both 40x and 100x focus. Lastly, we finished with a Gran Stain procedure on the bacteria. This involved us coating the bacteria with a color stain that would be used in the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) amplification later. The PCR separate specific genes within the bacteria,, the grain stain dye will help highlight which gense expand when exposed to the PCR, allowing us to identify if the specific bacteria has a specific gene sequence. Specifically, it would be selected to amplify the 16S rRNA gene.

The results of the experiment for the Bacteria were Dilution # of Colononies Colonies per mL 10^-3 880 880,000 10^-5 35 3,500,000

The results from the oil observation showed: Colony Type Desciption Cell desprition Gram + or - 10^-3 nutrition clear, ciruclar, small circles rod shaped, no movement +/- 10^-5 nutrition clear, circiular, sphere, no movement -

ML

21 January 2016

The hay culture was made using a smaple of the transect described last week, as well as .1 gram of dried mil, and 500 mLs, and was set aside for a week as the cultures developed within the transect. The observations were:

-The smell of the hay culture was a mixture of moldy and mildew. Upon observing it, the hay culture appeared to have a light brownish color, with lots of settlement at the bottom of the jar, and a dark film around the top of the jar.

-There was a bit of greenish mold on the top of the water and on the glass around the rim

-Closer to the plant matter might have more developed cultures thanks to the ability for organisms to develop on a solid surface near nutrition.

-Our first selection was on the top layer, where we found: Diatoms brownish creatures with small dots and plated groves, measuring 1,500 micrometers [[Image:]] Pelomyxa small, motionless colonies which consistently changed shape, measuring 30 micrometers [[Image:]] Chlomydomonaswhich were small, round, and clear organisms, measuring 25 micrometers [[Image:]]

-Our second selection was the middle layer, where we found: Pandorina measuring between 25 and 40 micrometers [[Image:]] Euglena green, single cellular with one flagella, measuring 10 micrometers [[Image:]] Pandorina colony of small cells in spherical shapes, measuring about 30 micrometers [[Image:]]

-The Chlomydomonas, as described by Freeman, exhibit all the criteria for life. As is clearly observable, the organism is made of a cell, completing that criteria. Finally, it's movement by Flagella also exhibit the use of energy crossing off that part of criteria. The cell also shows evidence that it evolved from some pre existing cell, which shows that it came as a product of evolution as well as capable of replication. When it ovoids the objects around it, the cell also displays it's ability to process information.

-If left unobserved for two months, their would be some significant changes. First, their would perhaps be more, and possibly more complex, creatures in the hay culture. The abiotic factors such as the first and dead leaves on the bottom of the jar would likely have decomposed and denatured, or changed as the culture in the jar changed. The extend length of time would put a lot more factors into the growth and development of the culture, such as fluctuation in temperature and sun's position causing either difficult or more prosperous growth.

ML

14 Janurary 2015

Transect 1: 20x20 square feet plot of land outside of Hurst, directly next to the ward circle building. The transect is largely covered with dirt and dead leaves, as well as the small shrubbery around the system. The two defining pieces within the transect are the large tree in the middle of the transect, as well as the large lamppost within the area, which provides a constant source of light within the transect. This might detract a lot of large fauna might be deterred from the area. However, this combined with the sprinklers provide a constant source of water and light for the plants in the area. The transect is also next to a paved road, which provides a lot of foot traffic next to the transect, and might contribute a lot of human litter into the transect.

Biotic factors: About 8 small trees (known as “Kerria Japonica ‘Plenifora; from the sign near the transect), Large tree in the center of the transect, cut down shrubs, as well as grass, nuts, and dead leaves on the ground of the transect.

Abiotic factors: Light post (with a constant source of light), sprinklers (with a constant source of water), Litter (including cigarettes and straws), and a large cobblestone wall in the back

ML