User:Jarle Pahr/Stringent response
Notes on the bacterial stringent reponse.
Indution of stringent response
The stringent response can be inducted by several methods, which increase levels of (p)ppGpp either directly or indirectly.
- Overexpression of ppGpp synthetase (ex. RelA, RelSeq).
- Valine treatmet (E. coli K-12)
- Antibiotics.
Definitions
Dalebroux and Swanson 2012: "A stress response coordinated by guanosine tetraphosphate and guanosine pentaphosphate, in which cells rapidly inhibit synthesis of stable RNA, ribosomes and proteins, leading to growth arrest."
Bibliography
Mendeley article collection: groups/842261/stringent-response/papers/
Key papers
Original discovery of ppGpp: Mike Cashel and Jonathan Gallant. Nature 221 838-841, 1975. Two Compounds implicated in the Function of the RC Gene of Escherichia coli.
Direct relevance
http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF00327920
Cell cycle synchronization of E. coli using the stringent response, with fluorescence labeling assays for DNA content and replication: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2746677/
Amino Acid Starvation in Escherichia coli K-12: Characteristics of the Translation Process: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC233124/pdf/jbacter00319-0030.pdf
Tetracycline Modulates the Valine Induced Stringent Response and Decreases Expressed RpoS in Escherichia coli. http://www.microbiology.ubc.ca/sites/default/files/roles/drupal_ungrad/JEMI/15/JEMI15_117-124.pdf
Ann. Rev genetics 1979. http://www.its.caltech.edu/~skopf/ESE_Bi168/files/GALLANT_1979_STRINGENT%20CONTROL%20IN%20ESCHERICHIA-COLI.pdf
When times are good and when times are bad: http://www.gs.washington.edu/academics/courses/manoil/former/41108/lecture/lectureMarch7.pdf
Sternberg et al. 1999. Distribution of Bacterial Growth Activity in Flow-Chamber Biofilms: http://aem.asm.org/content/65/9/4108.full
Ferullo DJ, Lovett ST (2008) The Stringent Response and Cell Cycle Arrest in Escherichia coli. PLoS Genet 4(12): e1000300. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1000300 http://www.plosgenetics.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pgen.1000300
Potrykus & Cashel 2008. (p)ppGpp: still magical? http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18454629
Traxler et al. 2008. The global, ppGpp-mediated stringent response to amino acid starvation in Escherichia coli.: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18430135
See also http://stringentresponse.blogspot.no/2011/02/kinetics-of-stringent-response-revealed.html
Traxler et al. 2011: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3073637/
Intramolecular Regulation of the Opposing (p)ppGpp Catalytic Activities of RelSeq, the Rel/Spo Enzyme from Streptococcus equisimilis: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC135074/
ppGpp Conjures Bacterial Virulence: http://mmbr.asm.org/content/74/2/171.full
The RelA/SpoT Homolog (RSH) Superfamily: Distribution and Functional Evolution of ppGpp Synthetases and Hydrolases across the Tree of Life: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3153485/
Chiang et al. 2011: On the Limited Role of
relA
in Kanamycin and Amino Acid
Starvation Induced Stringency
and Subsequent Antibiotic Cross-
protection in
Escherichia coli http://www.microbiology.ubc.ca/sites/default/files/roles/drupal_ungrad/JEMI/15/JEMI15_59-63.pdf
A Proximal Promoter Element Required for Positive Transcriptional Control by ppGpp and DksA during the Stringent Response: http://www.jbc.org/content/early/2013/06/07/jbc.M113.479998.full.pdf
1960s
http://www.jbc.org/content/244/12/3387.full.pdf+html
Molecular and General Genetics MGG
November 1987, Volume 210, Issue 1, pp 1-4
Hierarchy of the strength of Escherichia coli stringent control signals: http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2FBF00337750.pdf
Shared control of gene expression in bacteria by transcription factors and global physiology of the cell:
http://www.nature.com/msb/journal/v9/n1/full/msb201270.html?WT.mc_id=%20TOC_MSB_13
Indirect and suboptimal control of gene expression is widespread in bacteria: http://www.nature.com
/msb/journal/v9/n1/full/msb201316.html?WT.mc_id=%20TOC_MSB_13
Dissecting specific and global transcriptional regulation of bacterial gene expression: http://www.nature.com/msb/journal/v9/n1/full/msb201314.html?WT.mc_id=%20TOC_MSB_13
Evaluation of the E. coli ribosomal rrnB P1 promoter and phage-derived lysis genes for the use in a biological containment system: A concept study. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0168165695000039
Reviews
(p)ppGpp: still magical? :http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18454629
Jain 2006. ppGpp: stringent response and survival: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16554711
Dalebroux and Swanson. ppGpp - maginc beyond RNA polymerase. http://www.nature.com/nrmicro/journal/v10/n3/full/nrmicro2720.html
Bacterial lifestyle shapes stringent response activation
Bacterial nucleotide-based second messengers: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19318291
http://www.horizonpress.com/jmmb/v3/v3n4/12.pdf
Cashel 1975. Regulation of Bacterial ppGpp and pppGpp. http://www.annualreviews.org/doi/pdf/10.1146/annurev.mi.29.100175.001505
Bacterial lifestyle shapes stringent response activation: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23419217
Persons
Mike Cashel and J Gallant
F C Neidhardt.