Revision as of 08:22, 24 May 2013

A family of E. coli expression vectors for laboratory scale and high throughput soluble protein production: http://www.biomedcentral.com/1472-6750/6/12

A Family of LIC Vectors for High-Throughput Cloning and Purification of Proteins: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2771622/

Gibson Assembly

From J5 manual, "The SLIC, Gibson, CPEC and SLiCE assembly methods" (http://j5.jbei.org/j5manual/pages/22.html) :

"SLIC, Gibson, CPEC, and SLiCE are related methods that offer standardized, scarless, (largely) sequence-independent, multi-part DNA assembly".

Also: "Despite their differences in implementation, SLIC, Gibson, CPEC, and SLiCE assembly methods all start with the same starting materials and result in the same final products"

A guide to Gibson Assembly: http://www.synbio.org.uk/dna-assembly/guidetogibsonassembly.html

NEBs NEBuilder software for Gibson assembly can be used to design primers for Gibson assembly and SLIC: http://nebuilder.neb.com/

In the NEBuilder, the overlaps are designed to achieve a minimum Tm value of 48°C.

Hetero-stagger PCR and Enzyme-Free cloning

Articles related to "hetero-stagger PCR" and "enzyme free cloning" (Conceptually equal to PIPE/iPCR):

Author(s)/year	Comment	Reference
Liu 1996: Hetero-stagger cloning: efficient and rapid cloning of PCR products	Generation of related PCR products by using two sets of primers, identical except for a 3bp GGG addition at 5' end in one set. After mixing the PCR products, denaturing and reannealing, a mixed product with CCC overhang is produced, which can be cloned by ligation to a vector with a GGG overhang.
Tillett and Neilan 1999: Enzyme-free cloning: a rapid method to clone PCR products independent of vector restriction enzyme sites	Builds on Liu 1996. Both insert and vector is prepared by hetero-stagger PCR and mixed before undergoing denaturation/annealing to give the desired construct. Article is reproduced in part in [PCR Cloning Protocols, 2nd edition.
Shih, Y.P., Kung, W.M., Chen, J.C., Yeh, C.H., Wang, A.H. and Wang, T.F. (2002) High-throughput screening of soluble recombinant proteins	Application of "sticky end PCR method" (hetero-stagger PCR) to High-throughput (HTP) cloning.
de Jong, R.N., Daniëls, M.A., Kaptein, R. and Folkers,G.E. (2007) Enzyme Free Cloning for high throughput gene cloning and expression.	Combines preparation of insert by hetero-stagger PCR amplification of preparation of vector by exonuclease chewback, applied to HTP cloning.

de Jong et al. 2007 comments: "An ideal cloning method should require small amounts of insert and vector DNA, and be cheap, effective, easily automatable and insensitive to variations in DNA concentrations [24]. Ligation independent cloning [15] meets most of these criteria, but we observed substantial variation in cloning efficiency. Parameters influencing efficiency are the amount of PCR product, purity of the PCR product, exact temperature of T4 DNA polymerase treatment and T4 DNA polymerase activity differences, caused by enzyme batch variations and activity loss over time (unpublished results). As a result, PCR products can be under- or overtreated by the exonuclease activity of T4 DNA polymerase, which can significantly influence the cloning efficiency."

SLIC

Enzyme free cloning for high throughput gene cloning and expression. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17295099

https://eu.idtdna.com/pages/decoded/decoded-articles/core-concepts/decoded/2012/01/10/isothermal-assembly-quick-easy-gene-construction

Note that by cutting a vector with two restriction enzymes and using SLIC to insert a sequence, the restriction sites may be destroyed. Always consider the resulting sequences carefully.

incomplete PCR (iPCR):

Articles related to LIC/SLIC and homologous recombination:

Author(s)/year Year	Comment	Reference
Aslandis & Jong 1990	Introduction of LIC	http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC332407/
Bubeck et al. 1993:Rapid cloning by homologous recombination in vivo		http://nar.oxfordjournals.org/content/21/15/3601.full.pdf+html
Hsiao 1993	Exonuclease III induced ligase-free directional subcloning of PCR products	http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC310601/
C Aslanidis, P J de Jong and G Schmitz 1994	Study on minimal length requirement of SLIC overlaps. Lowest overlap length yielding transformants was 10nt.	http://genome.cshlp.org/content/4/3/172.full.pdf
Lisa D Cabrita, Weiwen Dai and Stephen P Bottomley 2005	A family of E. coli expression vectors for laboratory scale and high throughput soluble protein production	http://www.biomedcentral.com/1472-6750/6/12
Li & Elledge 2007	"Harnessing homologous recombination in vitro to generate recombinant DNA via SLIC."	http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17293868
2012	One-step SLIC	http://aem.asm.org/content/78/15/5440.long

According to Olieric 2010 (Supplementary material), "The critical parameter for success is the sequence of the overlap; some constructs work amazingly well, while others do not". The cause could plausibly be stable secondary structures? Stable secondary structures in the single-stranded DNA will compete with annealing of the fragments.

Quote from Li and Elledge 2007:

"Excision by the proofreading exonuclease of T4 DNA polymerase has proven to be the most reproducible and easiest to manipulate method for generating 5¢ overhangs. Although much less efficient, iPCR also gives substantial stimulation of transformation. This might be sufficient for routine subcloning purposes, although there is likely to be more variability depending on the completeness of the PCR synthesis"

Protocols for LIC/SLIC and related methods:

http://www.biomedcentral.com/content/supplementary/1472-6750-10-56-s1.doc

Author(s)				Hsiao 1993	Aslandis & Jong 1990
Method:	With RecA	Without RecA	With iPCR	Exonuclease III	LIC
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3

Two-step SLIC has the advantage that larger amounts of vector can be prepared beforehand, and used in several annealing reactions.

SEFC/Co-transformation cloning

Mix 5 μl of purified PCR product (100–300 ng) and 1 μl (50 ng) of the appropriately linearized vector, having 15+ bp homologous overlap, before transformation.

USER

CPEC

GoldenGate

http://j5.jbei.org/j5manual/pages/23.html

Quote from the above: "Perhaps the most significant limitation of the Golden Gate method is that it is less sequence-independent than SLIC/Gibson/CPEC/SLiCE, in the sense that, like BioBrick assembly, the selected type IIs recognition site (e.g. BsaI) should be absent from the internal portions of all of the DNA fragments to be assembled" From the same J5 website (http://j5.jbei.org/j5manual/pages/22.html):

"Since there are no (or very few) re-amplifications of a given template sequence, PCR-derived mutations are not propagated to the same extent as one would anticipate for standard SOEing reactions. Like SLIC and Gibson assembly, CPEC is standardized, scar-less, and largely sequence-independent."

RF cloning

Molar ratio calculator: http://www.promega.com/techserv/tools/biomath/calc06.htm?origUrl=http%3a%2f%2fwww.promega.com%2fbiomath%2fcalc06.htm

http://rf-cloning.org

RF cloning can be used to insert a sequence into a plasmid without removing any of the original plasmid sequence, or to replace a portion of a plasmid with a new sequence. RF cloning is accomplished using two PCR steps. In the first PCR, the sequence to be inserted is amplified (or synthesized) to give a product with the insert sequence flanked by sequences homologous to the plasmid. In the second PCR, the product of the first step is used as a "megaprimer" To insert a sequence into a plasmid without removing any of the original plasmid sequence, the plasmid-binding regions of the megaprimer should bind to the plasmid directly adjacent of each other, as any sequence in the plasmid between the two primer binding sites will be lost. To replace a portion of a plasmid, the plasmid-binding flanking sequences of the megaprimer must be designed to bind such that they flank the area to be replaced. If RF cloning is used to replace a portion of a plasmid, the new sequence should be about as long as the sequence it is replacing.

http://www.clontech.com/US/Products/Cloning_and_Competent_Cells/Cloning_Kits/Cloning_Kits-HD-Liquid

Articles related to RF cloning:

Author(s)/year Year	Comment	Reference
van den Ent & Löve 2006:RF cloning: a restriction-free method for inserting target genes into plasmids	Introduction of RF cloning.	http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16480772
Unger et al. 2010: Applications of the Restriction Free (RF) cloning procedure for molecular manipulations and protein expression		http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20600952
Bond & Naus 2012: RF-Cloning.org: an online tool for the design of restriction-free cloning projects		http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22570410
Erijman et al. 2011: Transfer-PCR (TPCR): A highway for DNA cloning and protein engineering		http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1047847711001109#

Topo cloning

http://www.invitrogen.com/site/us/en/home/brands/Product-Brand/topo/The-Technology-Behind-TOPO-Cloning.html

Cloning methods

Method	Summary	Advantages	Disadvantages	Time (for assembly from prepared vector and insert)	Reference
Conventional (restriction enzymes)	Restriction digestion and ligation	Predictable. With respect to vector, sequence dependence is limited to a few bp, thus cloning is robust with respect to mutations in the vector.	Time-consuming. Requires restriction digestion of insert and vector followed by ligation. Requires suitable restriction sites in vector. Cloning is subject to sequence limitations in insert (must not contain restriction sites used for cloning). Restriction reaction can be spoiled by contaminating DNA flanked by restriction sites used.	From 3 h to overnight
Blunt-end ligation	Ligation of blunt-ended fragments	Flexible, does not require specific restriction sites.	10-100x less efficients than cohesive-end ligation. Requires screening of colonies (insertion is non-directional).	From 3 h to overnight	https://eu.idtdna.com/pages/decoded/decoded-articles/core-concepts/decoded/2012/06/15/cloning-strategies-part-3-blunt-end-cloning?c=EU
TA cloning	Ligation of PCR products with '3 A overhangs into vector with G' overhangs.	No enzymatic treatment of insert PCR product.	Non-directional		http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11464915
LIC	Annealing of fragments with standardized homologous overlaps lackign one nucleotide	Can generate specific overhangs by exonuclease incubation in presence of a single dNTP. Standardized overlaps gives higher predictability(?).	Requires specific sequence in vector	?	Aslanidis & Jong 1990
SLIC (one-step)	Annealing of fragments with varying homologous overlaps	Fast	Insert should be at least 250 bp. More secondary structures might be present when incubating at room temperature, compared to two-step SLIC and Gibson assembly.	~30 min	http://aem.asm.org/content/early/2012/05/13/AEM.00844-12
SLIC (two-step)	Annealing of fragments with Homologous overlaps	Fast. Assembly is carried out at higher temperature than one-step SLIC, meaning secondary structures less problematic?	Slower than one-step SLIC		http://www.nature.com/nmeth/journal/v4/n3/abs/nmeth1010.html http://www.nature.com/protocolexchange/protocols/167#/procedure http://www.nature.com/protocolexchange/protocols/170#/procedure
iPCR	Annealing of vector and incomplete PCR fragments with homologous overlap	No enzymatic treatment of insert PCR product.	Low efficiency	~ 1 h	http://www.nature.com/protocolexchange/protocols/171#/main
PIPE	Amplification of vector and insert by PCR yields incomplete PCR (iPCR) products which can anneal to each other.		No enzymes required (except for PCR)		1,2,3,4,5
CPEC	Circularization of linearized vector and insert with homologous overlap	Fast	Requires linearized vector	~1h (20 cycle PCR)	http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0006441
Gibson Assembly	Annealing of fragments with homologous overlaps.	Relatively fast. Assembly is carried out at higher temperature than SLIC, meaning secondary structures less problematic?	More enzymes required than for SLIC.		http://j5.jbei.org/j5manual/pages/79.html
RF cloning	Addition or substitution of a sequence in a plasmid by PCR	Can use uncut vector as starting material. Can be used to either replace to replace a sequence in the original plasmid with a new one, or insert a new sequence without removing any of the original plasmid sequence.	If the insert shall replace a sequence, the insert and the sequence to be replaced must be of about the same size. (Anectodal. Source?)	~3h (?)	http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165022X06000029
Enzyme-free cloning	Another name for PIPE/iPCR				1,2,3
Sucessive Hybridization Assembly (SHA)					In Vitro Assembly of Multiple DNA Fragments Using Successive Hybridization
MoClo
Simple Cloning	PCR Assembly of insert and vector with homologous overlaps.
Seamless Enzyme-Free Cloning (SEFC)/co-transformation cloning	Co-transformation of linear insert and vector fragments	Simple, one-step co-transformation of insert and vector. No exonuclease treatment.	Requires high-efficiency competent cells (>1 × 108 colony-forming units [cfu]/μg DNA)		1 2
Transfer PCR	Application of RF-cloning for PCR amplification from an origin vector and subsequent integration of the PCR product into a recipient vector.\|\| \|\| \|\| \|\| \|\|http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21515384

Polymerases: http://oregonstate.edu/instruction/bb492/lectures/DNAI.html

MASTER ligation: http://nar.oxfordjournals.org/content/early/2013/02/26/nar.gkt122.full

"clonetegration". One-Step Cloning and Chromosomal Integration of DNA: http://pubs.acs.org/doi/full/10.1021/sb400021j?utm_content=bufferdcbd0&utm_source=buffer&utm_medium=twitter&utm_campaign=Buffer&

Use of Phosphatases:

http://molecularbiology.forums.biotechniques.com/viewtopic.php?f=2&t=29738

Older articles

Exonuclease III induced ligase-free directional subcloning of PCR products: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC310601/pdf/nar00072-0249.pdf

Rapid cloning by homologous recombination in vivo: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC331480/pdf/nar00064-0257.pdf

Sticky-end PCR: new method for subcloning: http://www.aegis.org/DisplayContent/download.aspx?type=pdf&sectionID=343316

Cloning strategies

Software

http://www.genecomposer.net/

http://bitesizebio.com/articles/should-you-use-calf-intestinal-alkaline-phosphatase-cip-in-plasmid-cloning/

http://bioinfo.clontech.com/infusion/convertPcrPrimersInit.do

http://www.escience.ws/b572/L7/L7.htm

@@ Line 19: / Line 19: @@
 In-Fusion Cloning primer design tool: http://bioinfo.clontech.com/infusion/convertPcrPrimersInit.do
+==Commercial kits==
+Electra Vector system: https://www.dna20.com/products/expression-vectors/electra-system
 ==Reviews==

User:Jarle Pahr/Cloning: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 08:22, 24 May 2013

Contents

Commercial kits

Reviews

Conventional (restriction-ligation) cloning

Ligation Independent Cloning (LIC)

Gibson Assembly

Hetero-stagger PCR and Enzyme-Free cloning

SLIC

SEFC/Co-transformation cloning

USER

CPEC

GoldenGate

RF cloning

Topo cloning

Cloning methods

Older articles

Cloning strategies

Software

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