User:Ilya/Yeast/Mating pheromone response pathway: Difference between revisions

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*[[Yeast:Mating pheromone response pathway/GPCR|GPCR]]
*[[Yeast:Mating pheromone response pathway/GPCR|GPCR]]
*[[Yeast:Mating pheromone response pathway/Ras|Ras]]
*[[Yeast:Mating pheromone response pathway/Ras|Ras]]
*[[Yeast:Mating pheromone response pathway/Pheromone|Pheromone]]


==Miscellaneous==
==Miscellaneous==
*Crosstalk in the pathways is eliminated by formation of pathway-specific complexes (Ste5:Ste11:Ste7:Fus3, Pbs2:Ste11:Hog1)
*Crosstalk in the pathways is eliminated by formation of pathway-specific complexes (Ste5:Ste11:Ste7:Fus3, Pbs2:Ste11:Hog1)
*In S. cerevisiae, meiosis is initiated only by diploid cells deprived of glucose and nitrogen and grown in the presence of a nonfermentable carbon source <cite>5</cite>


===Pheromone processing genes===
===Pheromone processing genes===
*STE14
*STE14
**carries out C-terminal methylation of prenylated proteins including a-factor, Ras1p, and Ras2p
**carries out C-terminal methylation of prenylated proteins including a-factor, Ras1p, and Ras2p
**encodes the prenylcysteine-dependent carboxyl methyltransferase that mediates methylation, the final step in modification of CAAX proteins; Ste14p is also membrane associated  
**encodes the prenylcysteine-dependent carboxyl methyltransferase that mediates methylation, the final step in modification of CAAX proteins; Ste14p is also membrane associated <cite>4</cite>
Yeast. 1993 Aug;9(8):907-13
*STE13
*STE13
**Dipeptidyl aminopeptidase A involved in maturation of a-factor
*AXL1
*AXL1
**Protease involved in proteolytic step of a-factor N-terminal processing
*STE23
*STE23
*RAM1
*RAM1, RAM2
*RAM2
**Required for a-factor prenylation
*STE24
*STE24
*RCE1
*RCE1
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*STE23
*STE23


 
===Other genes===
Ste13
These genes are part of the mating machinery in yeast but not necessary part of the mating pheromone response pathway.
Dipeptidyl aminopeptidase A involved in maturation of a-factor
*Swe1 - protein kinase that regulates the G2/M transition by inhibition of Cdc28p kinase activity
 
*Ras1 - pombe homolog interacts with MAPKKK
AXL1
*SAG1 (α-agglutinin) - provides tight cell-cell adhesion during mating in S. cerevisiae.
Protease involved in proteolytic step of a-factor N-terminal processing
*FUS1 - protein with SH3 domain required for cell fusion during mating, located at the tip of the mating projection
 
Ram1, Ram2
Required for a-factor prenylation
 
 
Swe1
Protein kinase that regulates the G2/M transition by inhibition of Cdc28p kinase activity
 
Ras1 - pombe homolog interacts with MAPKKK
------------------------------
SAG1 (α-agglutinin) provides tight cellcell adhesion during mating in S. cerevisiae.
 
FUS1
Protein with SH3 domain required for cell fusion during mating, located at the tip of the mating projection
------------------------------
The Saccharomyces cerevisiae mating pheromone a-factor is a prenylated and carboxyl methylated extracellular peptide signaling molecule.
 
Like the peptide hormones secreted by higher eukaryotes, the yeast mating pheromones are initially synthesized as larger precursors that undergo posttranslational modification and proteolytic processing before their export from the cell. Despite their functional equivalence as signaling molecules, the a-factor and alpha-factor pheromones are structurally quite dissimilar and exemplify distinct paradigms for biogenesis.
 
The maturation of alpha-factor is well characterized and involves the  classical  secretory pathway (ER -> Golgi -> secretory vesicles). Subsequent to its translocation across the ER membrane, the alpha-factor precursor undergoes signal sequence cleavage, glycosylation, a series of proteolytic processing steps in the lumenal compartments of the secretory pathway, and then exits the cell via exocytosis. In contrast to our extensive understanding of alpha-factor maturation, our view of the events involved in a-factor biogenesis is still incomplete.
An important difference between the two pheromones is that secretion of a-factor is mediated by a nonclassical export mechanism.
Mature bioactive a-factor is a prenylated and methylated dodecapeptide, derived by the posttranslational maturation of a precursor encoded by the similar and functionally redundant genes MFA1 and MFA2.
The COOH-terminal maturation of the a-factor precursor is directed by its CAAX sequence.
The a-factor precursor can be subdivided into three functional segments:
(a) the mature portion, which is ultimately secreted;
(b) the NH2-terminal extension;
(c) the COOH-terminal CAAX motif.
biogenesis of a-factor occurs by an ordered series of events involving first COOH-terminal CAAX modification, then NH2-terminal processing, and finally export from the cell (He et al., 1991; Michaelis, 1993; Sapperstein et al., 1994).
In mutants (ram1, ram2, and ste14) defective in CAAX modification, biologically active a-factor is not produced.
 
J Cell Biol 136(2):251-69
----------------------------------------
In S. cerevisiae, meiosis is initiated only by diploid cells deprived of glucose and nitrogen and grown in the presence of a nonfermentable carbon source,
 
PNAS USA 98:3249-3253


==References==
==References==
Line 70: Line 38:
#2 pmid=9618441
#2 pmid=9618441
#3 pmid=15374648
#3 pmid=15374648
#4 pmid=8212897
#5 pmid=11248064
</biblio>
</biblio>

Revision as of 15:46, 17 March 2006

Components

Miscellaneous

  • Crosstalk in the pathways is eliminated by formation of pathway-specific complexes (Ste5:Ste11:Ste7:Fus3, Pbs2:Ste11:Hog1)
  • In S. cerevisiae, meiosis is initiated only by diploid cells deprived of glucose and nitrogen and grown in the presence of a nonfermentable carbon source [1]

Pheromone processing genes

  • STE14
    • carries out C-terminal methylation of prenylated proteins including a-factor, Ras1p, and Ras2p
    • encodes the prenylcysteine-dependent carboxyl methyltransferase that mediates methylation, the final step in modification of CAAX proteins; Ste14p is also membrane associated [2]
  • STE13
    • Dipeptidyl aminopeptidase A involved in maturation of a-factor
  • AXL1
    • Protease involved in proteolytic step of a-factor N-terminal processing
  • STE23
  • RAM1, RAM2
    • Required for a-factor prenylation
  • STE24
  • RCE1
  • KEX2
  • KEX1
  • STE23

Other genes

These genes are part of the mating machinery in yeast but not necessary part of the mating pheromone response pathway.

  • Swe1 - protein kinase that regulates the G2/M transition by inhibition of Cdc28p kinase activity
  • Ras1 - pombe homolog interacts with MAPKKK
  • SAG1 (α-agglutinin) - provides tight cell-cell adhesion during mating in S. cerevisiae.
  • FUS1 - protein with SH3 domain required for cell fusion during mating, located at the tip of the mating projection

References

  • Pathway architecture overview
  1. Tzung KW, Williams RM, Scherer S, Federspiel N, Jones T, Hansen N, Bivolarevic V, Huizar L, Komp C, Surzycki R, Tamse R, Davis RW, and Agabian N. Genomic evidence for a complete sexual cycle in Candida albicans. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2001 Mar 13;98(6):3249-53. DOI:10.1073/pnas.061628798 | PubMed ID:11248064 | HubMed [5]
  2. Ashby MN, Errada PR, Boyartchuk VL, and Rine J. Isolation and DNA sequence of the STE14 gene encoding farnesyl cysteine: carboxyl methyltransferase. Yeast. 1993 Aug;9(8):907-13. DOI:10.1002/yea.320090810 | PubMed ID:8212897 | HubMed [4]
  3. Kofahl B and Klipp E. Modelling the dynamics of the yeast pheromone pathway. Yeast. 2004 Jul 30;21(10):831-50. DOI:10.1002/yea.1122 | PubMed ID:15300679 | HubMed [1]
  4. Banuett F. Signalling in the yeasts: an informational cascade with links to the filamentous fungi. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev. 1998 Jun;62(2):249-74. DOI:10.1128/MMBR.62.2.249-274.1998 | PubMed ID:9618441 | HubMed [2]
  5. Bardwell L. A walk-through of the yeast mating pheromone response pathway. Peptides. 2004 Sep;25(9):1465-76. DOI:10.1016/j.peptides.2003.10.022 | PubMed ID:15374648 | HubMed [3]

All Medline abstracts: PubMed | HubMed

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