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Hypothesis

1. The biological impacts of aerosolized nanoparticles (ANP) are poorly understood.

2. The cytotoxicity of nanoparticle-based stratospheric aerosol injection on human health require further investigations.

3. The differential effects of highly dispersed aerosols (HDA) on the neuroimmune system, lung function, chronic inflammation, and Alzheimer pathogenesis requires additional research. [1]

4. Microglial activation is implicated in the aluminium-induced neurotoxicity of aerosolized nanoparticles.

Clinical effects of clandestine geoengineering activity

Cardiovascular system

  • Effects of particulate matter (PM2.5) air pollution on cardiovascular disease [2]
    • Increase in blood pressure [3]

Respiratory system

  • AECOPD [4]
  • Lung cancer [5]

Brain/CNS

  • Alzheimer [6]
  • PM2.5 exposure may cause neuroinflammation and oxidative stress. [4][7][8][9]
    • PM2.5 exposure induce selective neurotoxicity through glutamatergic signaling and increase NMDA-induced excitotoxicity. [7][10]
  • Dopaminergic/serotonergic signaling upregulation?

Lymphatic system

  • Lipid peroxidation and oxidative DNA damage. [11]

Cognitive infiltration evidences

Notes

Resources

Keywords

aerosol, bioaerosol, nanoparticles, aluminium oxide, particulate matter, PM2.5, aerosolized jet fuel, gulf war syndrome, chronic neuroinflammation, vapor phase oxidation, hydrocarbons, barium hexaaluminate

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References

  1. Gilmour MI, O'Connor S, Dick CA, Miller CA, and Linak WP. Differential pulmonary inflammation and in vitro cytotoxicity of size-fractionated fly ash particles from pulverized coal combustion. J Air Waste Manag Assoc. 2004 Mar;54(3):286-95. DOI:10.1080/10473289.2004.10470906 | PubMed ID:15061611 | HubMed [Gilmour-2004]

    Differential pulmonary inflammation and in vitro cytotoxicity of size-fractionated fly ash particles from pulverized coal combustion.

  2. Brook RD, Rajagopalan S, Pope CA 3rd, Brook JR, Bhatnagar A, Diez-Roux AV, Holguin F, Hong Y, Luepker RV, Mittleman MA, Peters A, Siscovick D, Smith SC Jr, Whitsel L, Kaufman JD, and American Heart Association Council on Epidemiology and Prevention, Council on the Kidney in Cardiovascular Disease, and Council on Nutrition, Physical Activity and Metabolism. Particulate matter air pollution and cardiovascular disease: An update to the scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2010 Jun 1;121(21):2331-78. DOI:10.1161/CIR.0b013e3181dbece1 | PubMed ID:20458016 | HubMed [Brook-2010]

    Particulate matter air pollution and cardiovascular disease: An update to the scientific statement from the American Heart Association.

  3. [Balasubramanian-2013]

    Differential effects of inhalation exposure to PM2.5 on hypothalamic monoamines and corticotrophin releasing hormone in lean and obese rats.

  4. [Lei-2015]

    Fine particulate matter in acute exacerbation of COPD.

  5. Hamra GB, Guha N, Cohen A, Laden F, Raaschou-Nielsen O, Samet JM, Vineis P, Forastiere F, Saldiva P, Yorifuji T, and Loomis D. Outdoor particulate matter exposure and lung cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Environ Health Perspect. 2014 Sep;122(9):906-11. DOI:10.1289/ehp/1408092 | PubMed ID:24911630 | HubMed [Hamra-2014]

    Outdoor particulate matter exposure and lung cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

  6. Jung CR, Lin YT, and Hwang BF. Ozone, particulate matter, and newly diagnosed Alzheimer's disease: a population-based cohort study in Taiwan. J Alzheimers Dis. 2015;44(2):573-84. DOI:10.3233/JAD-140855 | PubMed ID:25310992 | HubMed [Jung-2015]

    Ozone, particulate matter, and newly diagnosed Alzheimer's disease: a population-based cohort study in Taiwan.

  7. Liu F, Huang Y, Zhang F, Chen Q, Wu B, Rui W, Zheng JC, and Ding W. Macrophages treated with particulate matter PM2.5 induce selective neurotoxicity through glutaminase-mediated glutamate generation. J Neurochem. 2015 Jul;134(2):315-26. DOI:10.1111/jnc.13135 | PubMed ID:25913161 | HubMed [Liu-2015]

    Macrophages treated with particulate matter PM2.5 induce selective neurotoxicity through glutaminase-mediated glutamate generation.

  8. Riva DR, Magalhães CB, Lopes AA, Lanças T, Mauad T, Malm O, Valença SS, Saldiva PH, Faffe DS, and Zin WA. Low dose of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) can induce acute oxidative stress, inflammation and pulmonary impairment in healthy mice. Inhal Toxicol. 2011 Apr;23(5):257-67. DOI:10.3109/08958378.2011.566290 | PubMed ID:21506876 | HubMed [Riva-2011]

    Low dose of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) can induce acute oxidative stress, inflammation and pulmonary impairment in healthy mice.

  9. Levesque S, Taetzsch T, Lull ME, Kodavanti U, Stadler K, Wagner A, Johnson JA, Duke L, Kodavanti P, Surace MJ, and Block ML. Diesel exhaust activates and primes microglia: air pollution, neuroinflammation, and regulation of dopaminergic neurotoxicity. Environ Health Perspect. 2011 Aug;119(8):1149-55. DOI:10.1289/ehp.1002986 | PubMed ID:21561831 | HubMed [Levesque-2011]

    Diesel exhaust activates and primes microglia: air pollution, neuroinflammation, and regulation of dopaminergic neurotoxicity.

  10. Morgan TE, Davis DA, Iwata N, Tanner JA, Snyder D, Ning Z, Kam W, Hsu YT, Winkler JW, Chen JC, Petasis NA, Baudry M, Sioutas C, and Finch CE. Glutamatergic neurons in rodent models respond to nanoscale particulate urban air pollutants in vivo and in vitro. Environ Health Perspect. 2011 Jul;119(7):1003-9. DOI:10.1289/ehp.1002973 | PubMed ID:21724521 | HubMed [Morgan-2011]

    Glutamatergic neurons in rodent models respond to nanoscale particulate urban air pollutants in vivo and in vitro.

  11. Ambroz A, Vlkova V, Rossner P Jr, Rossnerova A, Svecova V, Milcova A, Pulkrabova J, Hajslova J, Veleminsky M Jr, Solansky I, and Sram RJ. Impact of air pollution on oxidative DNA damage and lipid peroxidation in mothers and their newborns. Int J Hyg Environ Health. 2016 Aug;219(6):545-56. DOI:10.1016/j.ijheh.2016.05.010 | PubMed ID:27321041 | HubMed [Ambroz-2016]

    Impact of air pollution on oxidative DNA damage and lipid peroxidation in mothers and their newborns.

  12. [Herndon-2015]

    Evidence of Coal-Fly-Ash Toxic Chemical Geoengineering in the Troposphere: Consequences for Public Health

  13. [Herndon-2016]

    Human and Environmental Dangers Posed by Ongoing Global Tropospheric Aerosolized Particulates for Weather Modification.

  14. [Cheng-2010]

    Chemical Composition of Aerosols from Kerosene Heaters Burning Jet Fuels.

All Medline abstracts: PubMed | HubMed

License

Copyright (C) 2012-2016 Etienne Robillard

Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document Under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled "GNU Free Documentation License".



See you in space cowboy

"I am free, no matter what rules surround me. If I find them tolerable, I tolerate them; if I find them too obnoxious, I break them. I am free because I know that I alone am morally responsible for everything I do." -Robert A. Heinlein

"The essence of the independent mind lies not in what it thinks, but in how it thinks." ― Christopher Hitchens

"Now let us consider another kind of drug – still undiscovered, but probably just around the corner – a drug capable of making people feel happy in situations where they would normally feel miserable. Such a drug would be a blessing, but a blessing fraught with grave political dangers. By making harmless chemical euphoria freely available, a dictator could reconcile an entire population to a state of affairs to which self-respecting human beings ought not to be reconciled. Despots have always found it necessary to supplement force by political or religious propaganda. In this sense the pen is mightier than the sword. But mightier than either the pen or the sword is the pill. In mental hospitals it has been found that chemical restraint is far more effective than strait jackets or psychiatry. The dictatorships of tomorrow will deprive men of their freedom, but will give them in exchange a happiness none the less real, as a subjective experience, for being chemically induced. The pursuit of happiness is one of the traditional rights of man; unfortunately, the achievement of happiness may turn out to be incompatible with another of man's rights – liberty." - Aldous Huxley