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== Hypothesis ==
== Hypothesis ==
The biological functions of clandestine geoengineering activity are poorly understood. The effects of stratospheric aerosol injection on public health require further investigations. In particular, the effects of highly dispersed aerosols (HDA) on lung function, pulmonary inflammation and cancer pathogenesis may require additional research. <cite>Gilmour-2004</cite>
1. The biological impacts of aerosolized nanoparticles (ANP) are poorly understood.  


== Clinical effects of clandestine geoengineering activity ==
2. The cytotoxicity of nanoparticle-based stratospheric aerosol injection on human health requires further investigations.  
=== Genotoxicity ===
* [http://openwetware.org/wiki/User:Etienne_Robillard/Notebook/Brainstorming#Genotoxicity_of_coal_fly_ash_nanoparticles Genotoxicity of coal fly ash nanoparticles]
* Lung cancer


3. The differential effects of highly dispersed aerosols (HDA) on the neuroimmune system, lung function, chronic inflammation, and Alzheimer pathogenesis requires additional research. <cite>Gilmour-2004</cite>
4. Microglial activation is implicated in the aluminium-induced neurotoxicity of aerosolized nanoparticles.
== Differential effects of aerosolized nanoparticles ==
=== Cardiovascular system ===
=== Cardiovascular system ===
* Effects of particulate matter (PM) air pollution on cardiovascular disease <cite>Brook-2010</cite>
* Effects of particulate matter (PM2.5) air pollution on cardiovascular disease <cite>Brook-2010</cite>
* AECOPD
** Increase in blood pressure <cite>Balasubramanian-2013</cite>
=== Central nervous system ===
* Alzheimer disease <cite>Jung-2015</cite><cite>Levesque-2013</cite>
* Parkinson disease <cite>Levesque-2013</cite>
* PM2.5 exposure may cause chronic neuroinflammation and oxidative stress. <cite>Lei-2015</cite><cite>Liu-2015</cite><cite>Riva-2011</cite><cite>Levesque-2011</cite>
* PM2.5 exposure may induce selective neurotoxicity through glutamatergic signaling and increase NMDA-induced excitotoxicity. <cite>Liu-2015</cite><cite>Morgan-2011</cite>
* Cyclooxygenase-2, interleukin-1beta, and CD14 signaling upregulation. <cite>Solt-2008</cite>
* Microglia-mediated dopaminergic neurotoxicity (Reactive microgliosis). <cite>Levesque-2013</cite>
 
=== Endocrine system ===
* Decrease of serum testosterone levels <cite>Lavicoli-2013</cite>
* Increase of serum estradiol levels <cite>Lavicoli-2013</cite>


=== Brain/CNS ===
=== Lymphatic system ===
* Particulate matter exposure may cause neuroinflammation and oxidative stress.
* Lipid peroxidation and oxidative DNA damage. <cite>Ambroz-2016</cite>
* Alzheimer <cite>Jung-2015</cite>
=== Respiratory system ===
* AECOPD <cite>Lei-2015</cite>
* Lung cancer <cite>Hamra-2014</cite>


== Cognitive infiltration evidences ==
== Cognitive infiltration evidences ==
* [[User:Etienne_Robillard/Notebook/chim_trills_notebook/2014/12/14|Notebook]]
* Facebook Deception: [[User:Etienne_Robillard/Notebook/chim_trills_notebook/2014/12/14|Notebook]]
 
== Notes ==
* Aerosolized nanoparticles:
** [http://www.energy.psu.edu/sites/default/files/files/JetFuels.pdf Advanced Thermally Stable Jet Fuels]
** [http://www.energy.psu.edu/sites/default/files/files/coalbased_jetfuel.pdf The Coal-Based Jet Fuel Program]
** [http://web.stanford.edu/group/pitsch/publication/ColketJet_Fuel_Surrogate_AIAA_2007.pdf Jet Fuel Surrogate Research]
** [https://dspace.mit.edu/handle/1721.1/9116 Catalytic combustion of methane with nanostructured barium hexaaluminate-based materials]
* Discussion:
** [http://www.thenakedscientists.com/forum/index.php?topic=68004 Do coal-based jet fuel (JP-900) emit ultrafine particles?]
** [http://www.thenakedscientists.com/forum/index.php?topic=67942 Is coal fly ash a synthetic compound?]
** [http://www.thenakedscientists.com/forum/index.php?topic=67302 Should we ban geoengineering?]
** [http://www.thenakedscientists.com/forum/index.php?topic=68061 What is the Gulf War syndrome?]
** [http://www.thenakedscientists.com/forum/index.php?topic=68101 What is a jet fuel surrogate?]
* Documentation:
** [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dodecane Dodecane (Wikipedia)]
** [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethylbenzene Ethylbenzene (Wikipedia)]
** [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/2744 Glutaminase]
** [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=gulf+war+syndrome Gulf War syndrome (PubMed search)]
** [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gulf_War_syndrome Gulf War syndrome (Wikipedia)]
** [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methylcyclohexane Methylcyclohexane (Wikipedia)]


== Resources ==
== Resources ==
Line 47: Line 82:
== Keywords ==
== Keywords ==


coal fly ash, aerosol, bioaerosol, nanoparticles, aluminium
aerosol, bioaerosol, nanoparticles, aluminium oxide, particulate matter, PM2.5, aerosolized jet fuel, gulf war syndrome, chronic neuroinflammation, vapor phase oxidation, hydrocarbons, barium hexaaluminate
 
== Support this project ==
 
This project is entirely financed by personal donations. To support this project, use the following link
to donate money via Paypal: https://paypal.me/EtienneRobillard
 
== References ==
== References ==
<biblio>
<biblio>
#Herndon-2015 http://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/12/8/9375/htm
#Herndon-2015 http://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/12/8/9375/htm
//Evidence of Coal-Fly-Ash Toxic Chemical Geoengineering in the Troposphere: Consequences for Public Health
//Evidence of Coal-Fly-Ash Toxic Chemical Geoengineering in the Troposphere: Consequences for Public Health
#Herndon-2016 pmid=27433467
#Herndon-2016 http://nuclearplanet.com/frontiers1.pdf
//Human and Environmental Dangers Posed by Ongoing Global Tropospheric Aerosolized Particulates for Weather Modification.
//Human and Environmental Dangers Posed by Ongoing Global Tropospheric Aerosolized Particulates for Weather Modification.
#Gilmour-2004 pmid=15061611
#Gilmour-2004 pmid=15061611
Line 63: Line 103:
#Lei-2015 http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fphys.2015.00294/full
#Lei-2015 http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fphys.2015.00294/full
//Fine particulate matter in acute exacerbation of COPD.
//Fine particulate matter in acute exacerbation of COPD.
#Hamra-2014 pmid=24911630
//Outdoor particulate matter exposure and lung cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
#Liu-2015 pmid=25913161
//Macrophages treated with particulate matter PM2.5 induce selective neurotoxicity through glutaminase-mediated glutamate generation.
#Riva-2011 pmid=21506876
//Low dose of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) can induce acute oxidative stress, inflammation and pulmonary impairment in healthy mice.
#Levesque-2011 pmid=21561831
//Diesel exhaust activates and primes microglia: air pollution, neuroinflammation, and regulation of dopaminergic neurotoxicity.
#Morgan-2011 pmid=21724521
//Glutamatergic neurons in rodent models respond to nanoscale particulate urban air pollutants in vivo and in vitro.
#Cheng-2010 http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/027868201753306714
//Chemical Composition of Aerosols from Kerosene Heaters Burning Jet Fuels.
#Ambroz-2016 pmid=27321041
//Impact of air pollution on oxidative DNA damage and lipid peroxidation in mothers and their newborns.
#Balasubramanian-2013 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3402685/
//Differential effects of inhalation exposure to PM2.5 on hypothalamic monoamines and corticotrophin releasing hormone in lean and obese rats.
#Lavicoli-2013 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3759935/
//The Effects of Nanomaterials as Endocrine Disruptors.
#Solt-2008 pmid=18349428
//Long-term air pollution exposure is associated with neuroinflammation, an altered innate immune response, disruption of the blood-brain barrier, ultrafine particulate deposition, and accumulation of amyloid beta-42 and alpha-synuclein in children and young adults.
#Levesque-2013 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3660420/
//The Role of MAC1 in Diesel Exhaust Particle-induced Microglial Activation and Loss of Dopaminergic Neuron Function
</biblio>
</biblio>


Revision as of 11:04, 1 October 2016

Work-in-progress. Please correct any errors found.

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Recently Edited Notebook Pages

Hypothesis

1. The biological impacts of aerosolized nanoparticles (ANP) are poorly understood.

2. The cytotoxicity of nanoparticle-based stratospheric aerosol injection on human health requires further investigations.

3. The differential effects of highly dispersed aerosols (HDA) on the neuroimmune system, lung function, chronic inflammation, and Alzheimer pathogenesis requires additional research. [1]

4. Microglial activation is implicated in the aluminium-induced neurotoxicity of aerosolized nanoparticles.

Differential effects of aerosolized nanoparticles

Cardiovascular system

  • Effects of particulate matter (PM2.5) air pollution on cardiovascular disease [2]
    • Increase in blood pressure [3]

Central nervous system

  • Alzheimer disease [4][5]
  • Parkinson disease [5]
  • PM2.5 exposure may cause chronic neuroinflammation and oxidative stress. [6][7][8][9]
  • PM2.5 exposure may induce selective neurotoxicity through glutamatergic signaling and increase NMDA-induced excitotoxicity. [7][10]
  • Cyclooxygenase-2, interleukin-1beta, and CD14 signaling upregulation. [11]
  • Microglia-mediated dopaminergic neurotoxicity (Reactive microgliosis). [5]

Endocrine system

  • Decrease of serum testosterone levels [12]
  • Increase of serum estradiol levels [12]

Lymphatic system

  • Lipid peroxidation and oxidative DNA damage. [13]

Respiratory system

  • AECOPD [6]
  • Lung cancer [14]

Cognitive infiltration evidences

Notes

Resources

Keywords

aerosol, bioaerosol, nanoparticles, aluminium oxide, particulate matter, PM2.5, aerosolized jet fuel, gulf war syndrome, chronic neuroinflammation, vapor phase oxidation, hydrocarbons, barium hexaaluminate

Support this project

This project is entirely financed by personal donations. To support this project, use the following link to donate money via Paypal: https://paypal.me/EtienneRobillard

References

  1. Gilmour MI, O'Connor S, Dick CA, Miller CA, and Linak WP. Differential pulmonary inflammation and in vitro cytotoxicity of size-fractionated fly ash particles from pulverized coal combustion. J Air Waste Manag Assoc. 2004 Mar;54(3):286-95. DOI:10.1080/10473289.2004.10470906 | PubMed ID:15061611 | HubMed [Gilmour-2004]

    Differential pulmonary inflammation and in vitro cytotoxicity of size-fractionated fly ash particles from pulverized coal combustion.

  2. Brook RD, Rajagopalan S, Pope CA 3rd, Brook JR, Bhatnagar A, Diez-Roux AV, Holguin F, Hong Y, Luepker RV, Mittleman MA, Peters A, Siscovick D, Smith SC Jr, Whitsel L, Kaufman JD, and American Heart Association Council on Epidemiology and Prevention, Council on the Kidney in Cardiovascular Disease, and Council on Nutrition, Physical Activity and Metabolism. Particulate matter air pollution and cardiovascular disease: An update to the scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2010 Jun 1;121(21):2331-78. DOI:10.1161/CIR.0b013e3181dbece1 | PubMed ID:20458016 | HubMed [Brook-2010]

    Particulate matter air pollution and cardiovascular disease: An update to the scientific statement from the American Heart Association.

  3. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3402685/

    [Balasubramanian-2013]

    Differential effects of inhalation exposure to PM2.5 on hypothalamic monoamines and corticotrophin releasing hormone in lean and obese rats.

  4. Jung CR, Lin YT, and Hwang BF. Ozone, particulate matter, and newly diagnosed Alzheimer's disease: a population-based cohort study in Taiwan. J Alzheimers Dis. 2015;44(2):573-84. DOI:10.3233/JAD-140855 | PubMed ID:25310992 | HubMed [Jung-2015]

    Ozone, particulate matter, and newly diagnosed Alzheimer's disease: a population-based cohort study in Taiwan.

  5. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3660420/

    [Levesque-2013]

    The Role of MAC1 in Diesel Exhaust Particle-induced Microglial Activation and Loss of Dopaminergic Neuron Function

  6. http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fphys.2015.00294/full

    [Lei-2015]

    Fine particulate matter in acute exacerbation of COPD.

  7. Liu F, Huang Y, Zhang F, Chen Q, Wu B, Rui W, Zheng JC, and Ding W. Macrophages treated with particulate matter PM2.5 induce selective neurotoxicity through glutaminase-mediated glutamate generation. J Neurochem. 2015 Jul;134(2):315-26. DOI:10.1111/jnc.13135 | PubMed ID:25913161 | HubMed [Liu-2015]

    Macrophages treated with particulate matter PM2.5 induce selective neurotoxicity through glutaminase-mediated glutamate generation.

  8. Riva DR, Magalhães CB, Lopes AA, Lanças T, Mauad T, Malm O, Valença SS, Saldiva PH, Faffe DS, and Zin WA. Low dose of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) can induce acute oxidative stress, inflammation and pulmonary impairment in healthy mice. Inhal Toxicol. 2011 Apr;23(5):257-67. DOI:10.3109/08958378.2011.566290 | PubMed ID:21506876 | HubMed [Riva-2011]

    Low dose of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) can induce acute oxidative stress, inflammation and pulmonary impairment in healthy mice.

  9. Levesque S, Taetzsch T, Lull ME, Kodavanti U, Stadler K, Wagner A, Johnson JA, Duke L, Kodavanti P, Surace MJ, and Block ML. Diesel exhaust activates and primes microglia: air pollution, neuroinflammation, and regulation of dopaminergic neurotoxicity. Environ Health Perspect. 2011 Aug;119(8):1149-55. DOI:10.1289/ehp.1002986 | PubMed ID:21561831 | HubMed [Levesque-2011]

    Diesel exhaust activates and primes microglia: air pollution, neuroinflammation, and regulation of dopaminergic neurotoxicity.

  10. Morgan TE, Davis DA, Iwata N, Tanner JA, Snyder D, Ning Z, Kam W, Hsu YT, Winkler JW, Chen JC, Petasis NA, Baudry M, Sioutas C, and Finch CE. Glutamatergic neurons in rodent models respond to nanoscale particulate urban air pollutants in vivo and in vitro. Environ Health Perspect. 2011 Jul;119(7):1003-9. DOI:10.1289/ehp.1002973 | PubMed ID:21724521 | HubMed [Morgan-2011]

    Glutamatergic neurons in rodent models respond to nanoscale particulate urban air pollutants in vivo and in vitro.

  11. Calderón-Garcidueñas L, Solt AC, Henríquez-Roldán C, Torres-Jardón R, Nuse B, Herritt L, Villarreal-Calderón R, Osnaya N, Stone I, García R, Brooks DM, González-Maciel A, Reynoso-Robles R, Delgado-Chávez R, and Reed W. Long-term air pollution exposure is associated with neuroinflammation, an altered innate immune response, disruption of the blood-brain barrier, ultrafine particulate deposition, and accumulation of amyloid beta-42 and alpha-synuclein in children and young adults. Toxicol Pathol. 2008 Feb;36(2):289-310. DOI:10.1177/0192623307313011 | PubMed ID:18349428 | HubMed [Solt-2008]

    Long-term air pollution exposure is associated with neuroinflammation, an altered innate immune response, disruption of the blood-brain barrier, ultrafine particulate deposition, and accumulation of amyloid beta-42 and alpha-synuclein in children and young adults.

  12. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3759935/

    [Lavicoli-2013]

    The Effects of Nanomaterials as Endocrine Disruptors.

  13. Ambroz A, Vlkova V, Rossner P Jr, Rossnerova A, Svecova V, Milcova A, Pulkrabova J, Hajslova J, Veleminsky M Jr, Solansky I, and Sram RJ. Impact of air pollution on oxidative DNA damage and lipid peroxidation in mothers and their newborns. Int J Hyg Environ Health. 2016 Aug;219(6):545-56. DOI:10.1016/j.ijheh.2016.05.010 | PubMed ID:27321041 | HubMed [Ambroz-2016]

    Impact of air pollution on oxidative DNA damage and lipid peroxidation in mothers and their newborns.

  14. Hamra GB, Guha N, Cohen A, Laden F, Raaschou-Nielsen O, Samet JM, Vineis P, Forastiere F, Saldiva P, Yorifuji T, and Loomis D. Outdoor particulate matter exposure and lung cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Environ Health Perspect. 2014 Sep;122(9):906-11. DOI:10.1289/ehp/1408092 | PubMed ID:24911630 | HubMed [Hamra-2014]

    Outdoor particulate matter exposure and lung cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

  15. http://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/12/8/9375/htm

    [Herndon-2015]

    Evidence of Coal-Fly-Ash Toxic Chemical Geoengineering in the Troposphere: Consequences for Public Health

  16. http://nuclearplanet.com/frontiers1.pdf

    [Herndon-2016]

    Human and Environmental Dangers Posed by Ongoing Global Tropospheric Aerosolized Particulates for Weather Modification.

  17. http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/027868201753306714

    [Cheng-2010]

    Chemical Composition of Aerosols from Kerosene Heaters Burning Jet Fuels.

All Medline abstracts: PubMed | HubMed

License

Copyright (C) 2012-2016 Etienne Robillard

Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document Under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled "GNU Free Documentation License".



See you in space cowboy

"I am free, no matter what rules surround me. If I find them tolerable, I tolerate them; if I find them too obnoxious, I break them. I am free because I know that I alone am morally responsible for everything I do." -Robert A. Heinlein

"The essence of the independent mind lies not in what it thinks, but in how it thinks." ― Christopher Hitchens

"Now let us consider another kind of drug – still undiscovered, but probably just around the corner – a drug capable of making people feel happy in situations where they would normally feel miserable. Such a drug would be a blessing, but a blessing fraught with grave political dangers. By making harmless chemical euphoria freely available, a dictator could reconcile an entire population to a state of affairs to which self-respecting human beings ought not to be reconciled. Despots have always found it necessary to supplement force by political or religious propaganda. In this sense the pen is mightier than the sword. But mightier than either the pen or the sword is the pill. In mental hospitals it has been found that chemical restraint is far more effective than strait jackets or psychiatry. The dictatorships of tomorrow will deprive men of their freedom, but will give them in exchange a happiness none the less real, as a subjective experience, for being chemically induced. The pursuit of happiness is one of the traditional rights of man; unfortunately, the achievement of happiness may turn out to be incompatible with another of man's rights – liberty." - Aldous Huxley

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