User:Tkadm30/Notebook/THC

Synopsis

• Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is the main psychoactive constituent of Cannabis sativa L (Marijuana) plant.
• Other Marijuana compounds includes Cannabichromene (CBC), Cannabidiol (CBD), Cannabinol (CBN), and Cannabigerol (CBG).
• Cannabis-derived cannabinoids are known as phytocannabinoids.

Antidepressant properties of THC

• THC stimulate anandamide biosynthesis by binding to the CB1 receptor, thus producing a antidepressant and neuroprotective effect. [1]

Neuroprotective properties of THC

• THC inhibit acetylcholinesterase (AChE)-induced beta-amyloid aggregation in Alzheimer's disease: [2]
• THC as antiglutamatergic therapy for AChE-induced neurotoxicity. [3]
• Unlike THC, caffeine is a noncompetitive reversible inhibitor of AChE.
• THC reduce intraocular pressure (IOP) in retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) through intracellular CB1 receptor activation; A potential treatment for glaucoma to prevent optic nerve damage.

Proneurogenic effect of THC on neurogenesis

• Hippocampal CB1 receptors regulate stress-induced neuroinflammation in the hippocampus. [4]
• THC enhance adult hippocampal neurogenesis through intracellular CB1 receptor activation. [5][6]
• CB1 activation promote neuronal cell proliferation, differentiation, maturation, and neurite growth. [7]

Neuropsychology of THC tolerance

• CB1 receptor sensitization can be restored by taking breaks of oral THC administration, which stimulates endocannabinoid production. [8]

Experimental

• Synaptogenic effect of THC/DHA promote hippocampal development (neurogenesis) and synaptogenesis.
• THC/DHA affect neural stem/progenitor cells (NS/PC) proliferation in the hippocampus.

References

1. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2866040/

   Antidepressant-like effect of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol and other cannabinoids isolated from Cannabis sativa L

2. Eubanks LM, Rogers CJ, Beuscher AE 4th, Koob GF, Olson AJ, Dickerson TJ, and Janda KD. A molecular link between the active component of marijuana and Alzheimer's disease pathology. Mol Pharm. 2006 Nov-Dec;3(6):773-7. DOI:10.1021/mp060066m |

   A molecular link between the active component of marijuana and Alzheimer's disease pathology.

3. Pope C, Mechoulam R, and Parsons L. Endocannabinoid signaling in neurotoxicity and neuroprotection. Neurotoxicology. 2010 Sep;31(5):562-71. DOI:10.1016/j.neuro.2009.12.002 |

   Endocannabinoid signaling in neurotoxicity and neuroprotection.

4. Zoppi S, Pérez Nievas BG, Madrigal JL, Manzanares J, Leza JC, and García-Bueno B. Regulatory role of cannabinoid receptor 1 in stress-induced excitotoxicity and neuroinflammation. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2011 Mar;36(4):805-18. DOI:10.1038/npp.2010.214 |

   Regulatory role of cannabinoid receptor 1 in stress-induced excitotoxicity and neuroinflammation.

5. Jiang W, Zhang Y, Xiao L, Van Cleemput J, Ji SP, Bai G, and Zhang X. Cannabinoids promote embryonic and adult hippocampus neurogenesis and produce anxiolytic- and antidepressant-like effects. J Clin Invest. 2005 Nov;115(11):3104-16. DOI:10.1172/JCI25509 |

   Cannabinoids promote embryonic and adult hippocampus neurogenesis and produce anxiolytic- and antidepressant-like effects.

6. Campbell VA and Gowran A. Alzheimer's disease; taking the edge off with cannabinoids?. Br J Pharmacol. 2007 Nov;152(5):655-62. DOI:10.1038/sj.bjp.0707446 |

   Alzheimer's disease; taking the edge off with cannabinoids?

7. Xapelli S, Agasse F, Sardà-Arroyo L, Bernardino L, Santos T, Ribeiro FF, Valero J, Bragança J, Schitine C, de Melo Reis RA, Sebastião AM, and Malva JO. Activation of type 1 cannabinoid receptor (CB1R) promotes neurogenesis in murine subventricular zone cell cultures. PLoS One. 2013;8(5):e63529. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0063529 |

   Activation of type 1 cannabinoid receptor (CB1R) promotes neurogenesis in murine subventricular zone cell cultures.

8. http://www.thenakedscientists.com/forum/index.php?topic=65952.0

9. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannabinoid

See also

• TRPV1 Notebook