Michaux:Positions: Difference between revisions
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'''Epithelial polarity maintenance and food absorption / Maintien de la polarité épithéliale et absorption intestinale''''' | '''Epithelial polarity maintenance and food absorption / Maintien de la polarité épithéliale et absorption intestinale''''' | ||
Intestinal absorption relies on epithelial polarity and the presence of microvilli which dramatically expand the exchange surface at the apical membrane of enterocytes. Microvilli formation relies first on epithelial polarity establishment and maintenance which is set up by polarity determinants such as the apical Par module composed of PAR-3, PAR-6, aPKC and Cdc42. The objective of the internship is to use ''C. elegans'' as a model for intestinal absorption and to understand how the apical polarity determinants contribute to this function. | Intestinal absorption relies on epithelial polarity and the presence of microvilli which dramatically expand the exchange surface at the apical membrane of enterocytes. Microvilli formation relies first on epithelial polarity establishment and maintenance which is set up by polarity determinants such as the apical Par module composed of PAR-3, PAR-6, aPKC and Cdc42. The objective of the internship is to use ''C. elegans'' as a model for intestinal absorption and to understand how the apical polarity determinants contribute to this function. | ||
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'''Characterisation of a novel signalling pathway regulating asymmetric cell division | '''Characterisation of a novel signalling pathway regulating asymmetric cell division / Caractérisation d’une nouvelle voie de signalisation régulant la division cellulaire asymétrique''''' | ||
Asymmetric cell division is an essential process generating two daugther cells with distinct cell fates ; in particular, it allows stem cells to give rise to one differentiating cell and one cell keeping the ability to divide. Precise regulation of asymmetric cell division is therefore crucial to keep the proper balance between proliferation and differentiation in a tissue and defects in this regulation can lead to tumour formation. | Asymmetric cell division is an essential process generating two daugther cells with distinct cell fates ; in particular, it allows stem cells to give rise to one differentiating cell and one cell keeping the ability to divide. Precise regulation of asymmetric cell division is therefore crucial to keep the proper balance between proliferation and differentiation in a tissue and defects in this regulation can lead to tumour formation. | ||
Revision as of 07:51, 17 April 2015
Stages 2015-2016 / 2015-2016 Internships
Epithelial polarity maintenance and food absorption / Maintien de la polarité épithéliale et absorption intestinale
Intestinal absorption relies on epithelial polarity and the presence of microvilli which dramatically expand the exchange surface at the apical membrane of enterocytes. Microvilli formation relies first on epithelial polarity establishment and maintenance which is set up by polarity determinants such as the apical Par module composed of PAR-3, PAR-6, aPKC and Cdc42. The objective of the internship is to use C. elegans as a model for intestinal absorption and to understand how the apical polarity determinants contribute to this function.
L'absorption intestinale dépend de la polarité épithéliale et de la présence de microvillosités qui augmentent considérablement la surface d'échange à la membrane apicale des entérocytes. La formation des microvillosités dépend de la mise en place et du maintien de la polarité épithéliale et notamment des déterminants de polarité tels que PAR-3, PAR-6, Cdc42 et aPKC. L'objectif de ce stage est d'utiliser C. elegans comme modèle de l'absorption intestinale et de comprendre comment les déterminants de polarité apicaux contribuent à cette fonction.
Contact : Grégoire Michaux (gmichaux@univ-rennes1.fr)
Characterisation of a novel signalling pathway regulating asymmetric cell division / Caractérisation d’une nouvelle voie de signalisation régulant la division cellulaire asymétrique
Asymmetric cell division is an essential process generating two daugther cells with distinct cell fates ; in particular, it allows stem cells to give rise to one differentiating cell and one cell keeping the ability to divide. Precise regulation of asymmetric cell division is therefore crucial to keep the proper balance between proliferation and differentiation in a tissue and defects in this regulation can lead to tumour formation. We study the mechanisms regulating asymmetric cell division using the first division of the C. elegans embryo as a model system. Prior to this division, a polarity axis is established and the mitotic spindle is pullled towards the posterior of the one-cell embryo. The mitotic spindle then induces the formation of the cytokinetic furrow, giving rise to two daughter cells with different cell sizes and fates. The proper positionning of the cytokinetic furrow is thus an essential step of asymmetric cell division. We identified a novel signalling pathway required to couple spindle and furrow positioning during cytokinesis. We are currently looking for a master student to continue the molecular characterization of this novel signaling pathway. This project will require classic C. elegans genetic technics, RNAi as well as real-time confocal microscopy.
La division cellulaire asymétrique est un processus essentiel générant deux cellules filles d’identités différentes ; elle permet en particulier aux cellules souches de produire une cellule différenciée et une autre conservant la capacité de se diviser. La régulation précise de ce type de division est essentielle pour maintenir l’équilibre prolifération/différenciation au sein d’un tissu et sa dérégulation peut aboutir à la formation de tumeurs.
Nous étudions les mécanismes régulant la division asymétrique en utilisant comme modèle d’étude la première division de l’embryon de C. elegans. Lors de cette division, un axe de polarité est établi puis le fuseau mitotique est déplacé vers le pôle postérieur de la cellule mère. Le fuseau mitotique induit alors la formation du sillon de cytocinèse, donnant naissance à deux cellules de tailles et d’identités différentes. Le positionnement correct du sillon de cytocinèse est donc une étape essentielle de cette division asymétrique.
Nous avons mis en évidence l’existence une nouvelle voie de signalisation nécessaire pour coupler le positionnement du sillon de cytocinèse avec celui du fuseau mitotique. Nous cherchons un étudiant de master pour continuer l’identification des acteurs impliqués dans cette voie de signalisation. Ce travail fera appel à des techniques classiques de génétique de C. elegans, d’ARNi et de microscopie confocale en temps réel.
Contact : Anne Pacquelet (anne.pacquelet@univ-rennes1.fr)
PhD, post-doc and internship
If you are interested by any kind of position (PhD, post-doc or insternship) please contact Grégoire Michaux (gmichaux@univ-rennes1.fr). For PhD positions see also the "École doctorale VAS" website.
Pour un stage (M1, M2, IUT, BTS, stage volontaire)
Contacter Grégoire Michaux ou Anne Pacquelet. Nous avons chaque année plusieurs stagiaires de tous niveaux.
