IGEM:MIT/2007/Red Team: Difference between revisions
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===Large Scale=== | ===Large Scale (250,000 gal/day)=== | ||
====Filtration and Coagulation==== | |||
*$260k Equipment | |||
*$75k per year | |||
*Only for insoluble Hg and Cd | |||
*High sludge volume | |||
====Lime Softening==== | |||
*$255k Equipment | |||
*$37k per year | |||
*Lots of sludge | |||
*Will require filtration and coagulation | |||
*In lime softening, hydrated lime that is, calcium hydroxide, Ca(OH)2is added to water to precipitate calcium carbonate before the water is used. The amount of lime required will depend on hardness levels. The process requires a settlement period and its effectiveness is governed by the pH of the water. Lime softening is a complex process and therefore is usually limited to situations where constant monitoring is available. | |||
====Reverse Osmosis==== | |||
*$600k Equipment | |||
*$400k per year | |||
*Frequent monitoring | |||
====Granular Activated Carbon==== | |||
*$680k Equipment | |||
*$125k per year | |||
*Bacteria can grow on carbon surface | |||
*Effectiveness varies on contaminant type | |||
====Ion Exchange==== | ====Ion Exchange==== | ||
http://www.remco.com/ix.htm | *$180k Equipment | ||
Strong Acid Cation exchanger Works best with Cadmium...not mercury | *$8k per year | ||
Chelation for Hg is 1867x stronger than Cd...would require 2 times | *Requires Salt storage | ||
*[http://www.remco.com/ix.htm] | |||
*Strong Acid Cation exchanger Works best with Cadmium...not mercury | |||
*Chelation for Hg is 1867x stronger than Cd...would require 2 times | |||
====Lime Softening==== | ====Lime Softening==== | ||
===Small Scale=== | ===Small Scale=== |
Revision as of 09:37, 12 July 2007
Cost Analysis
- US Dept. of the Interior; Bureau of Reclamation Hg and Cd Cost sheet [1]
Large Scale (250,000 gal/day)
Filtration and Coagulation
- $260k Equipment
- $75k per year
- Only for insoluble Hg and Cd
- High sludge volume
Lime Softening
- $255k Equipment
- $37k per year
- Lots of sludge
- Will require filtration and coagulation
- In lime softening, hydrated lime that is, calcium hydroxide, Ca(OH)2is added to water to precipitate calcium carbonate before the water is used. The amount of lime required will depend on hardness levels. The process requires a settlement period and its effectiveness is governed by the pH of the water. Lime softening is a complex process and therefore is usually limited to situations where constant monitoring is available.
Reverse Osmosis
- $600k Equipment
- $400k per year
- Frequent monitoring
Granular Activated Carbon
- $680k Equipment
- $125k per year
- Bacteria can grow on carbon surface
- Effectiveness varies on contaminant type
Ion Exchange
- $180k Equipment
- $8k per year
- Requires Salt storage
- [2]
- Strong Acid Cation exchanger Works best with Cadmium...not mercury
- Chelation for Hg is 1867x stronger than Cd...would require 2 times
Lime Softening
Small Scale
Reverse Osmosis
- $200
- 450 gallons
- $.44/gal
- [3]