IGEM:Hong Kong HKUST/Investigations/Effect of ATP concentrations on ligation efficiency: Difference between revisions
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==Authors== | ==Authors== | ||
*[[User:Lindy_M._Dharmawan | Lindy M. Dharmawan]] | *[[User:Lindy_M._Dharmawan | Lindy M. Dharmawan]] | ||
*Alfie Yuk | *Alfie Yuk Pui Chan | ||
*Albert Mahanadi | *Albert Mahanadi | ||
*Jordy Sulaiman | *Jordy Sulaiman |
Latest revision as of 11:11, 15 June 2014
<html><center><img src="http://openwetware.org/images/e/e1/Epic_team_logo.jpg" width="50%"></center></html> Authors
AbstractATP-dependent T4 Ligase is a powerful tool in synthetic biology. This experiment was conducted to find the correlation between ATP supplement and ligation velocity. Quantitative results are obtained by counting the colony-forming unit (CFU) formed from the transformation of ligated DNAs. From three different ATP concentration used in the ligation, 1mM, 2mM, and 4mM, it is observed that the higher the ATP concentration, the less CFU are formed. This experiment, backed by literature, showed that high concentration of ATP interferes with ligation process. This information would be useful in determining the optimum concentration of ATP for T4 Ligase activity. IntroductionThis study is to investigate the relationship between ATP and T4 ligase activity. It is important as it helps determine the optimum environment for ligation which is essential in basically every genetically engineering process. The approach employed to carry this investigation was using bacteria that were already transformed with RFP-pSB1C3, and extracting the plasmid from them. The plasmids were cut by restriction enzymes(EcoRIHF & PstIHF), then by putting the insert and backbones in different concentration of ATP. Afterward, putting the new plasmids into competence cells, and compare the number of colonies forming units between different concentration of ATP, which represents the amount of ligated plasmid produced. E.coli was used as our host of plasmid because they are technically sophisticated, versatile, widely available, and offer rapid growth of recombinant organisms with minimal equipment.pSB1C3 was used as the backbone of plasmid since it is a high copy number plasmid carrying. Procedure1. Preparation of Chloramphenicol(CHL) LB plates: 500µl of 150mg/ml of Chloramphenicol was added to 500 ml of LB broth solution. All plates were then stored in refrigerator. 2. Inoculation of bacteria in broth:
E.coli SURE with RFP-pSB1C3 was obtained from four different colonies and inoculated to the 15 ml Falcon tube with 5 ml CAM LB broth. The tubes were incubated under 37ºC for 16 hours, 200 rpm.
The inoculated bacteria were named RFP-pSB1C3 1-4.
3. Take out the inoculated RFP-pSB1C3 (1,2,3,4) at 9:00am 5. MiniPrep : <html><img src="http://openwetware.org/images/1/1d/Procedure2_copy.jpg" width="65%"></html> 6. NanoDrop :
Use DE Buffer as Blank 7. Digestion :
EcoRI-HF & PstI-HF 8. Gel Electrophoresis : WELL 1 (LADDER): WELL 2 (NEGATIVE CONTROL):
- 1 uL of Uncut Plasmid RFP-pSB1C3(2) (124.8 ng/lane) WELL 3-6 (DIGESTION PRODUCT)(1ug/lane):
<html><img src="http://openwetware.org/images/0/05/Procedure_3_copy.jpg" width="50%"></html> 11. Making the ATP Stock Make 10 mM ATP stock for 1 ml by doing serial dilution. The ATP solution then sterilized with filter sterilization 12. Ligation Make the recipe for ligation. Each person in the team will use 4 micro centrifuge tube to create the control, 1mM ATP, 2mM ATP, and 4 mM ATP. The amount of insert and backbone added varies due to the different amount of concentration of nucleic acid in each set. The ratio of insert to backbone must be 3:1. And since the length of the insert and backbone is 1 kb to 2 kb respectively, the amount of insert must be 30 ng and backbone must be 20 ng. ( total amount of both insert and backbone is ~50 ng)
Incubate in room temperature for 50 minutes 13. Transformation 14. Culture Results
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<center>Figure 1. RFP-pSB1C3 (1), Clockwise from top left: Control, 1mM ATP, 4mM ATP, 2mM ATP</center><br><br>
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<center><img src="http://openwetware.org/images/1/15/Alfie_2.jpg" width="50%"></center><br>
<center>Figure 2. RFP-pSB1C3 (2), Clockwise from top left: Control, 1mM ATP, 4mM ATP, 2mM ATP</center><br><br>
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The result of our experiment is that higher ATP concentration reduce ligation rate. We can see the ligation rate from the colony of bacteria that grow within the LB medium. As the ATP concentration increase from 1mM, 2mM, to 4mM, the number of bacteria colony decrease, hence the ligation rate decrease.
DiscussionIn the contrary to the hypothesis, results of experiment shown that higher ATP concentration reduce ligation rate. A possible explanation is due to the high concentration of ATP, adenylated DNA intermediate was accumulated exceeding threshold amount. In this condition, ligase could not perform its usual function to form phosphodiester bond between DNAs because most of the ligase are on the adenylated form. Lack of phosphodiester bond cause the inhibition of ligation and in the end reduce the ligation rate. |