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<1> ssDNA-modified silica particles as the 'Doll' and the 'Barrel
 
== <1> ssDNA-modified silica particles as the 'Doll' and the 'Barrel ==
<br>
<br>
To solve the problems in the early designs, we fabricate the nanopop-up pirate using ssDNA-modified colloidal silica particles as the doll and the barrel. For the colloid system, the pop-up event can be observed on real-time with an optical microscopy with no technical problem; the observation is much easier than the DNA-origami system which require the high-speed AFM. The use of silica particles is also advantageous because we can synthesize the large amount of the samples at low cost. We can also control the particle size and shape, and even porosity in view of future applications. In addition, in the case of the mesoporous silica, the form resembles to that the barrel with many holes! The modification of DNA is possible because the silica can be chemically modifiable Si-OH groups on the surface.<br>
To solve the problems in the early designs, we fabricate the nanopop-up pirate using ssDNA-modified colloidal silica particles as the doll and the barrel. For the colloid system, the pop-up event can be observed on real-time with an optical microscopy with no technical problem; the observation is much easier than the DNA-origami system which require the high-speed AFM. The use of silica particles is also advantageous because we can synthesize the large amount of the samples at low cost. We can also control the particle size and shape, and even porosity in view of future applications. In addition, in the case of the mesoporous silica, the form resembles to that the barrel with many holes! The modification of DNA is possible because the silica can be chemically modifiable Si-OH groups on the surface.<br>
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<2> Fully complementary or partly mismatched DNA as the 'Sword<br>
 
== <2> Fully complementary or partly mismatched DNA as the 'Sword ==
<br>
To the doll-barrel pair particle, we add the DNA, which is more complementary with the barrel DNA, as the 'Sword'. Then, the doll-DNA is displaced with the sword DNA and the doll particles will fly away by Brownian motion.<br>
To the doll-barrel pair particle, we add the DNA, which is more complementary with the barrel DNA, as the 'Sword'. Then, the doll-DNA is displaced with the sword DNA and the doll particles will fly away by Brownian motion.<br>
The base sequences of the Sword-DNAs are shown in Table 2. The Sword-DNA-1 is fully complementary with the Barrel-DNA so that the Sword-DNA1 will easily hybridize with the Barrel-DNA. The base sequence of Sword-DNA-2 and Sword-DNA-3 have the one and two mismatches, respectively. We will check the specificity for the pop-up event (displacement of the doll-DNA) among these sword-DNA-1, -2, and -3.<br>
The base sequences of the Sword-DNAs are shown in Table 2. The Sword-DNA-1 is fully complementary with the Barrel-DNA so that the Sword-DNA1 will easily hybridize with the Barrel-DNA. The base sequence of Sword-DNA-2 and Sword-DNA-3 have the one and two mismatches, respectively. We will check the specificity for the pop-up event (displacement of the doll-DNA) among these sword-DNA-1, -2, and -3.<br>
<br>
<br>
<3> Visualization of the pop-up using fluorescence molecules and FRET<br>
 
== <3> Visualization of the pop-up using fluorescence molecules and FRET ==
<br>
The observation of the pop-up event may be difficult only with the DNA-modified silica system. This problem is solved using the fluorescent molecules. There are three purposes to use the fluorescent molecules:<br>
The observation of the pop-up event may be difficult only with the DNA-modified silica system. This problem is solved using the fluorescent molecules. There are three purposes to use the fluorescent molecules:<br>
1. To easily characterize the modification of DNA to the particles.<br>
1. To easily characterize the modification of DNA to the particles.<br>

Revision as of 18:18, 25 October 2014

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<a name="header"></a> <img src="/images/4/46/Fitaologo.PNG" alt" alt="" width="422" height="98" hspace="0" align="left">



  • <a href="http://openwetware.org/wiki/Biomod/2014/Fukuoka#home">Home</a>
  • <a href="fit_Introduction.html#pro">Projects</a>
    • <a href="fit_Introduction.html#back">background & Motivation</a>
    • <a href="fit_Introduction.html#goal">Goals</a>
  • <a href="fit_Approach and Goals.html#des">Design</a>
    • <a href="#ear">Early Design</a>
    • <a href="#fin">Final Design</a>
  • <a href="fit_Method.html#met">Method</a>
    • <a href="fit_Method.html#a">Barrel particle</a>
    • <a href="fit_Method.html#b">DNA modified</a>
    • <a href="fit_Method.html#c">樽と人形の結合</a>
      • 　　　
    • <a href="fit_Method.html#d">樽人形剣</a>
      • 　　　
    • <a href="fit_Method.html#e">Material</a>
  • <a href="fit_Results and Discussion.html#">Result and Discassions</a>
    • <a href="fit_Results and Discussion.html#a">Barrel particle and Doll particle</a>
    • <a href="fit_Results and Discussion.html#b">DNA modified</a>
    • <a href="fit_Results and Discussion.html#c">樽と人形の結合</a>
    • <a href="fit_Results and Discussion.html#d">樽人形剣</a>
      • 　　　
    • <a href="fit_Results and Discussion.html#e">Conclusion</a>
  • <a href="fit_Member.html#team">Team</a>
    • <a href="fit_Member.html#men">Menber</a>
    • <a href="fit_Member.html#spo">Sponsor</a>


<a name="ear"></a>

Early Design

<img alt="" src="/images/e/e2/Hy3.png" width="320" height="240" border="0" / >

Fig. 4 Early design of nano-pop-up pirate with DNA-origami (a) before and (b) after addition of the 'Sword' DNA.

<img alt="" src="/images/2/2c/Hy5.png" width="320" height="200" border="0" / >

Fig.5　 Structure of FITC

<img alt="" src="/images/3/39/Hy6.png" width="320" height="240" border="0" / >

Fig.6　Structure of TAMRA

  We firstly planned to fabricate the barrel, the doll, and the sword of the pop-up pirate on the nanoscale with DNA-Origami. DNA-origami doll is combined with the DNA-origami barrel through the hybridization. The doll DNA and the barrel DNA are designed as mostly complementary but partially mismatched (Fig. 4a). If we add a sword DNA which is perfectly complementary with the barrel DNA, the DNA-origami doll will be replaced with the sword DNA and will be released（Fig.4b）.
It is easy to design the shape of the barrel and the doll only with DNA origami. However, in order to directly observe how the DNA-origami doll jump out from the DNA-origami barrel, it is necessary to perform real-time observation of DNA origami with high-speed atomic force microscopy (AFM) in liquid. This observation is supposed to be technically very difficult. In addition, there is a problem of the instability, difficulty in large scale synthesis, and high cost of the DNA-origami when we consider the development of the present study to applications.


<a name="fin"></a>

Final Design


 

<1> ssDNA-modified silica particles as the 'Doll' and the 'Barrel


To solve the problems in the early designs, we fabricate the nanopop-up pirate using ssDNA-modified colloidal silica particles as the doll and the barrel. For the colloid system, the pop-up event can be observed on real-time with an optical microscopy with no technical problem; the observation is much easier than the DNA-origami system which require the high-speed AFM. The use of silica particles is also advantageous because we can synthesize the large amount of the samples at low cost. We can also control the particle size and shape, and even porosity in view of future applications. In addition, in the case of the mesoporous silica, the form resembles to that the barrel with many holes! The modification of DNA is possible because the silica can be chemically modifiable Si-OH groups on the surface.
First we prepare 'barrel particle'. We synthesize the silica particle and modify its surface with the barrel ssDNA. We then prepare the 'doll particle' in the similar way to the 'barrel particle'. We modify the silica particle with the doll DNA, which is mostly complementary but partially mismatched with the barrel DNA. Then, the doll particle and the barrel particle are combined by DNA hybridization. The base sequences of the ssDNAs of the 'barrel DNA', and the 'doll DNA' are shown in Table 2. The bases marked by blue color are mismatched so that the Doll DNA will be displaced with a more complementary sword-DNA.


<2> Fully complementary or partly mismatched DNA as the 'Sword


To the doll-barrel pair particle, we add the DNA, which is more complementary with the barrel DNA, as the 'Sword'. Then, the doll-DNA is displaced with the sword DNA and the doll particles will fly away by Brownian motion.
The base sequences of the Sword-DNAs are shown in Table 2. The Sword-DNA-1 is fully complementary with the Barrel-DNA so that the Sword-DNA1 will easily hybridize with the Barrel-DNA. The base sequence of Sword-DNA-2 and Sword-DNA-3 have the one and two mismatches, respectively. We will check the specificity for the pop-up event (displacement of the doll-DNA) among these sword-DNA-1, -2, and -3.

<3> Visualization of the pop-up using fluorescence molecules and FRET


The observation of the pop-up event may be difficult only with the DNA-modified silica system. This problem is solved using the fluorescent molecules. There are three purposes to use the fluorescent molecules:
1. To easily characterize the modification of DNA to the particles.
2. To clearly observe the colloidal particle with the fluorescence microscopy.
3. To easily follow the situation of the double chain formation of the barrel-DNA and sword DNA by detecting fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET).
Here we use FITC and TAMRA as the fluorescence probes. The chemical structure of FITC and TAMRA are shown in Fig. 4 and the excitation wavelength and the fluorescent wavelength are summarized in Table 2. TAMRA is attached to the 5'-ends of the Sword-DNAs, while FITC is attached to the 3'-end of the barrel DNA. DNA for the doll particle is not attached with the fluorescent molecule to distinguish from the barrel particle. We check the hybridization of barrel DNA with the sword DNA by observing the change of fluorescent color. With the excitation by Ar-laser (488 nm), the FITC at the barrel emits green fluorescence, while, after hybridization, the green fluorescence will be quenched and the red fluorescence from TAMRA will be observed due to FRET.

<img alt="" src="/images/7/74/Hy7.png" width="320" height="240" border="0" / >

Fig.7　Process of the final design




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