BioSysBio:abstracts/2007/iGEM2006 Imperial College - Revision history

Vincent Rouilly at 17:02, 29 September 2006

Vincent Rouilly — Fri, 29 Sep 2006 17:02:07 GMT

←Older revision		Revision as of 17:02, 29 September 2006
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-	* Add or delete the sections that you require.	+	__NOTOC__
-		+	==Engineering a synthetic molecular oscillator based on the Lotka-Volterra dynamic.==
-	=Engineering a synthetic molecular oscillator based on the ~~lotka volterra~~ dynamic ~~model~~=	+
	'''Author(s): '''[[IGEM:IMPERIAL/2006\|I. CoLi Team 2006]] - Christin Sander, Farah Vohra, John Chattaway, Tom Hinson, John Sy, Jiongjun Bai, Jonathan Wells, Deepti Aswani, Vincent Rouilly, Chueh-Loo Poh, Matthieu Bultelle, Kirsten Jensen, David Mann, Paul Freemont, Richard Kitney. <br>		'''Author(s): '''[[IGEM:IMPERIAL/2006\|I. CoLi Team 2006]] - Christin Sander, Farah Vohra, John Chattaway, Tom Hinson, John Sy, Jiongjun Bai, Jonathan Wells, Deepti Aswani, Vincent Rouilly, Chueh-Loo Poh, Matthieu Bultelle, Kirsten Jensen, David Mann, Paul Freemont, Richard Kitney. <br>
	'''Affiliations:''' Imperial College London, UK<br>		'''Affiliations:''' Imperial College London, UK<br>

Vincent Rouilly: /* Engineering a synthetic molecular oscillator based on the lotka volterra dynamic model */

Vincent Rouilly — Fri, 29 Sep 2006 16:54:52 GMT

Engineering a synthetic molecular oscillator based on the lotka volterra dynamic model

←Older revision		Revision as of 16:54, 29 September 2006
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	=Engineering a synthetic molecular oscillator based on the lotka volterra dynamic model=		=Engineering a synthetic molecular oscillator based on the lotka volterra dynamic model=
-	'''Author(s): '''[[IGEM:IMPERIAL/2006\|I. CoLi Team 2006]] - Christin Sander, Farah Vohra, John Chattaway, Tom Hinson, John Sy, Jiongjun Bai, Jonathan Wells, Deepti Aswani, Vincent Rouilly, Chueh-Loo Poh, David Mann, Paul Freemont, Richard Kitney. <br>	+	'''Author(s): '''[[IGEM:IMPERIAL/2006\|I. CoLi Team 2006]] - Christin Sander, Farah Vohra, John Chattaway, Tom Hinson, John Sy, Jiongjun Bai, Jonathan Wells, Deepti Aswani, Vincent Rouilly, Chueh-Loo Poh, Matthieu Bultelle, Kirsten Jensen, David Mann, Paul Freemont, Richard Kitney. <br>
	'''Affiliations:''' Imperial College London, UK<br>		'''Affiliations:''' Imperial College London, UK<br>
-	'''Contact:'''email: r.kitney@imperial.ac.uk <br>	+	'''Contact:'''email: r.kitney(_at_)imperial.ac.uk <br>
	'''Keywords:''' 'Biological Oscillator' 'Lotka Volterra' 'iGEM 2006'		'''Keywords:''' 'Biological Oscillator' 'Lotka Volterra' 'iGEM 2006'

Cys: /* Engineering a synthetic molecular oscillator based on the lotka volterra dynamic model */

Cys — Fri, 29 Sep 2006 16:30:43 GMT

Engineering a synthetic molecular oscillator based on the lotka volterra dynamic model

←Older revision		Revision as of 16:30, 29 September 2006
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	=Engineering a synthetic molecular oscillator based on the lotka volterra dynamic model=		=Engineering a synthetic molecular oscillator based on the lotka volterra dynamic model=
-	'''Author(s): '''[[IGEM:IMPERIAL/2006\|I. CoLi Team 2006]]<br>	+	'''Author(s): '''[[IGEM:IMPERIAL/2006\|I. CoLi Team 2006]] - Christin Sander, Farah Vohra, John Chattaway, Tom Hinson, John Sy, Jiongjun Bai, Jonathan Wells, Deepti Aswani, Vincent Rouilly, Chueh-Loo Poh, David Mann, Paul Freemont, Richard Kitney. <br>
-	'''Affiliations:''' Imperial College <br>	+	'''Affiliations:''' Imperial College London, UK<br>
-	'''Contact:'''email: ~~your_e-mail~~ <br>	+	'''Contact:'''email: r.kitney@imperial.ac.uk <br>
	'''Keywords:''' 'Biological Oscillator' 'Lotka Volterra' 'iGEM 2006'		'''Keywords:''' 'Biological Oscillator' 'Lotka Volterra' 'iGEM 2006'

Cys: /* Abstract */

Cys — Fri, 29 Sep 2006 16:27:33 GMT

Abstract

←Older revision		Revision as of 16:27, 29 September 2006
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	=Abstract=		=Abstract=
-	'''Oscillators or clocks are a vital part of all electronic devices from computers to televisions they allow synchronisation of a system which prevents an overflow of information. Stable biological oscillators are a vital first step towards synthetic biological computers which can harness the massive parallel computing power inherent to biological systems. We have designed a synthetic biological oscillator which can be used in synthetic biological circuits. '''

-	''' It is based on predator prey dynamics and creates population wide synchronised oscillations of the concentration of an Acyl Homoserine Lactone molecule. The oscillations are driven by a synthetic quorum sensing / quenching mechanism which has been designed to behave in such a way that it fits the lotka volterra population dynamics model. The machinery is housed in two separate populations of cells which do not kill each other. Instead the cell density of the cell populations is proportional to parameters of the model such as the AHL production rate. Thereby altering the relative cell densities of the cells in our system allows us to tune the frequency and amplitude of the oscillations. This system works in mathematical models and we are currently trying to build it.
-	~~'''~~

-	~~'''[~~[http://openwetware.org/wiki/IGEM:IMPERIAL/2006 ~~For full details visit our openwetware project site~~]~~]''' I recomend visiting the~~ design ~~pages for a more complete overview~~	+	==Background==
		+	Oscillators are a fundamental building block in many engineering fields, as they provide the basis for counting, timing and synchronisation. Oscillators are found in many everyday devices such as clocks, computers or radios. Similarly, oscillations are an essential part of biological systems - providing the basis for, for example, rhythmic patterns and regulatory networks. The ability to build a stable, controllable biological oscillator would be a major step towards reliable synthetic biology based circuits.
		+	Elowitz et. al. were part of the first ones to try to build an oscillator. Their oscillator was based on genetic network at the single cell level. However, due to the stochastic behaviour inherent at the gene expression level, the oscillations were not stable or persistent([http://www.openwetware.org/wiki/IGEM:IMPERIAL/2006/Bibliography_%26_Papers#Oscillators refs.]). In this paper, we present an original oscillator design produced during the iGEM-2006 competition at Imperial College. The project addressed stability and reliability issues by defining an oscillator at the population level and by applying strict engineering rules to the system development process.

-	~~==Results==~~
-	~~Add your text here~~

-	~~==Images/Tables==~~
-	~~Add your images or tables here~~

-	==~~Materials/~~Methods==	+	==Methods==
-	~~Add your text here~~	+	[[Image:iGEM_IMPERIAL_Methodology.png\|thumb\|right\|150px\|Fig. 1: Illustration of the Methodology]]
		+	This iGEM project combined genetic engineering methods with a clearly defined development cycle, copied from the traditional engineering approach - a cycle of specification, [http://openwetware.org/wiki/IGEM:IMPERIAL/2006/project/Oscillator/Design design], [http://openwetware.org/wiki/IGEM:IMPERIAL/2006/project/Oscillator/Modelling modelling], [http://openwetware.org/wiki/IGEM:IMPERIAL/2006/project/parts testing] and [http://www.openwetware.org/wiki/IGEM:IMPERIAL/2006/Ligation_Page implementation] - with biological processes to produce a synthetic biological oscillator.<br>
		+
		+	The overall specification aim was to build a biological oscillator in E.Coli based on the Lotka-Volterra population dynamics. This approach was used to design a synthetic quorum sensing & quenching mechanism, made of BioBricks ([http://openwetware.org/wiki/IGEM:IMPERIAL/2006/project/Oscillator/Design design page]). In order to satisfy the requirements for the Lotka-Volterra predator-prey dynamics BioBricks were constructed to show properties such as exponential growth of a prey molecule (Acyl Homoserine Lactone) ([http://openwetware.org/wiki/IGEM:IMPERIAL/2006/project/Oscillator/Parts parts page]).
		+	In order to reduce the complexity of the overall assembly, test constructs were built to characterise the different system components. Because the design comprises BioBricks in a two population system, the parameters of the oscillations can be controlled to achieve synchronised oscillations. Furthermore, since the system uses population wide oscillations, it enables other devices to synchronise the oscillator.
		+
		+	It is important to determine the component properties and their impact on the overall system. Hence, the modelling of the pure and modified Lotka-Volterra dynamics, along with the test constructs, were carried out. Because BioBricks were used in the design, the implementation was carried out with standard [http://www.openwetware.org/wiki/IGEM:IMPERIAL/2006/Ligation_Page assembly]. At the testing stage, the test constructs were characterised ([http://openwetware.org/wiki/IGEM:IMPERIAL/2006/Protocols protocols page]). Consequently, the properties and constraints on the full system could be extracted. (See a summary of the method below.)
		+
		+
		+	==Results==
		+	BioBricks composing the test constructs and the final oscillator were engineered and a number of important results were extracted from the modelling and testing stages: i) The test constructs/BioBricks representing the different parts of the oscillator were characterised from testing in E.Coli (DH5α) ([http://openwetware.org/wiki/IGEM:IMPERIAL/2006/project/parts testing page]). ii) The model of the test constructs, which included experimental data, predicted stable oscillations as output of the full system ([http://openwetware.org/wiki/IGEM:IMPERIAL/2006/project/Oscillator/Modelling modelling pages]). iii) The influence of specific system parameters on the frequency, amplitude and stability of the oscillations was investigated with the Lotka-Volterra model ([http://openwetware.org/wiki/IGEM:IMPERIAL/2006/project/Oscillator/Modelling/LV LV model]).
		+

	==Conclusion==		==Conclusion==
-	~~Add your text here~~	+	In the project, fundamental units of the system were fabricated and characterised. These have been added to the Registry of Standard Biological Parts ([http://openwetware.org/wiki/IGEM:IMPERIAL/2006/Contributions Contributions page]). The modelling exercise was highly successful and we fully expect to complete a stable synthetic biology based oscillator to be completed in the near future.
		+
		+
		+
		+	For full details visit our openwetware project site ([http://openwetware.org/wiki/IGEM:IMPERIAL/2006 OWW]).
		+

-	~~==References==~~

-	~~For further help~~ on ~~editing~~, ~~please see~~ [ ~~http~~:~~//en~~.~~wikipedia~~.~~org/wiki/Help~~:~~Editing here~~]	+	==A Summary of Our Methods==
		+	{\| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" align="left" style="width:100%"
		+	\|-
		+	\| colspan="2" style="background:#efefef;" \| '''SPECIFICATIONS'''
		+	\|-
		+	\| [[Image:Designdocfig4.png\|thumb\|200px\|center\|Fig. 2: Biological oscillator]]
		+	\|
		+	* Deliver a stable biological oscillator.
		+	* Measurable output.
		+	* Frequency and amplitude tunable.
		+	* Produce documentation at each step for quality control and traceability purposes.
		+	\|-
		+	\| colspan="2" style="background:#efefef;" \| '''DESIGN'''
		+	\|-
		+	\| [[Image:PreyPredatorCellsmall.PNG\|thumb\|200px\|center\|Fig. 3: Design showing the two-population system and the BioBricks within each cell]]
		+	\|
		+	* Based on Lotka-Volterra dynamic.
		+	* Use of Quorum sensing-quenching BioBricks from MIT Registry.
		+	* Population wide oscillations of AHL.
		+	* Two cell population system defined to be able to tune frequency and amplitude.
		+	* Definition of test constructs to break down complexity and to allow fine characterization.
		+	\|-
		+	\| colspan="2" style="background:#efefef;" \| '''MODELLING'''
		+	\|-
		+	\| [[Image:FullSystemModel.PNG\|thumb\|200px\|center\|Fig. 4: Full system model in cell designer and its output, showing oscillations]]
		+	\|
		+	* Test construct modelling.
		+	* Investigation of the Lotka-Volterra dynamic.
		+	* Full system modelling.
		+	\|-
		+	\| colspan="2" style="background:#efefef;" \| '''IMPLEMENTATION'''
		+	\|-
		+	\| [[Image:Ligation chart 10 aug.JPG\|thumb\|160px\|center\|Fig. 5: Overview of the ligations]]
		+	\|
		+	* Based on BioBricks.
		+	* Use of the Standard Assembly.
		+	* Quality control procedure based on sequencing.
		+	\|-
		+	\| colspan="2" style="background:#efefef;" \| '''TESTING-VALIDATION'''
		+	\|-
		+	\| [[Image:J37016graph2.PNG\|thumb\|200px\|center\|Fig. 6: Representative testing result for one of the testing constructs]]
		+	\|
		+	* Definition of testing protocols to satisfy specifications.
		+	* Characterisation of the different test construts.
		+	* Characterisation of the two-cell population oscillator
		+	\|}

-	~~__NOTOC__~~	+	<br>

Cys: /* Engineering a synthetic molecular oscillator based on the lotka volterra dynamic model */

Cys — Fri, 29 Sep 2006 14:42:04 GMT

Engineering a synthetic molecular oscillator based on the lotka volterra dynamic model

←Older revision		Revision as of 14:42, 29 September 2006
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	'''Affiliations:''' Imperial College <br>		'''Affiliations:''' Imperial College <br>
	'''Contact:'''email: your_e-mail <br>		'''Contact:'''email: your_e-mail <br>
-	'''Keywords:''~~' 'iGEM~~' 'Biological Oscillator' '~~AHL~~' '~~AiiA~~'	+	'''Keywords:''' 'Biological Oscillator' 'Lotka Volterra' 'iGEM 2006'

	[[Category:BioSysBio Keywords iGEM]]		[[Category:BioSysBio Keywords iGEM]]

John Cumbers at 00:36, 25 September 2006

John Cumbers — Mon, 25 Sep 2006 00:36:54 GMT

←Older revision		Revision as of 00:36, 25 September 2006
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	'''Keywords:''' 'iGEM' 'Biological Oscillator' 'AHL' 'AiiA'		'''Keywords:''' 'iGEM' 'Biological Oscillator' 'AHL' 'AiiA'

-	[[Category:BioSysBio Keywords ~~add_keyword_1~~]]	+	[[Category:BioSysBio Keywords iGEM]]
-	[[Category:BioSysBio Keywords ~~add_keyword_2~~]]	+	[[Category:BioSysBio Keywords Synthetic Biology]]
	[[Category:BioSysBio Keywords add_keyword_3]]		[[Category:BioSysBio Keywords add_keyword_3]]
	[[Category:BioSysBio Keywords add_keyword_4]]		[[Category:BioSysBio Keywords add_keyword_4]]

JohnChattaway: /* Abstract */

JohnChattaway — Fri, 22 Sep 2006 16:20:43 GMT

Abstract

←Older revision		Revision as of 16:20, 22 September 2006
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	'''[[http://openwetware.org/wiki/IGEM:IMPERIAL/2006 For full details visit our openwetware project site]]''' I recomend visiting the design pages for a more complete overview		'''[[http://openwetware.org/wiki/IGEM:IMPERIAL/2006 For full details visit our openwetware project site]]''' I recomend visiting the design pages for a more complete overview
-
-	~~<showhide>~~
-	~~__HIDER__~~
-	~~<hide>~~
-	~~==Background/Introduction==~~
-
-	Oscillators and oscillatory systems are ubiquitous in everyday life, from the alternating current electricity that we use to the circadian rhythms that control our sleep and wake cycle. Already, synthetic biology has begun to take on the challenge of creating the first biological computer, starting with ETH Zurich’s 2005 iGEM competition entry for creating a biological NOR logic gate and a two bit counter as well as Harvard’s BioWire design concept to transmit a signal down a length of bacteria. In computers, clocks are used to synchronise the components in order to prevent overflow of information within the system. On a broader scale, these clocks synchronise time around the world and are also used to determine the winner of eBay bids accurate to seconds, perhaps a more recognisable example to our modern life.
-
-	Why would we want to create a biological computer? Consider first the human brain, a complex network of cells intercommunicating to create our thoughts and conduct the human body symphoniously. If we can mimic this type of system in other non-neural type cells, we might be able to harness the massive scale parallel computing power inherent to biological systems.
-
-	Once we are able to create a biological oscillator, we can then move to synchronise several biological computers paving the way for an internet-like system controlled by bacteria. Further developments in biological to electrical interfacing could mean that communication between electrical devices and biological devices would be seamless. This can potentially integrate the existing infrastructure and novel biological approaches so the current technology would not be drastically displaced, but gradually replaced by biological machines. Moreover, the quest for self-reproducing machines has finally succeeded. Wouldn't it be great if our computers upgraded themselves? Made themselves faster every 30 mintutes? Genetically engineered bacteria indeed have this potential and are only limited by their lifespan and the biological reaction rates. Unfortunately, biological reaction rates are relatively slow when compared to electrical signals, but consider 100 years ago when we knew very little about electricity and how to harness the power of electricity. Biological engineering is at that stage now, and we cannot expect to surpass in a few years the engineering foundations that have been perfected throughout the ages.
-
-	Stable biological oscillations are seen to be produced with accuracy in predator-prey relationships, where we assume an exponential growth of prey and insatiable predators. The Lotka-Voltarra model for predator-prey interaction can be implemented given certain assumptions and given that we are able to find biological equivalents to predator and prey. Of course, a molecular predator-prey system would have different assumptions and thus different equations, but the fundamental predator-prey relationship can still hold. The assumptions and adaptations to the Lotka-Volterra system will be discussed further in the modelling document. Once we find molecules that can act similarly to predator-prey interactions, the next step is to successfully implement the system into bacteria!
-
-	~~==Design of Biological Oscillator==~~
-
-	Our design focused on implementing predator-prey molecular interactions into ''E. coli'' cells. In order to have population wide control and not just single cell oscillations, the team decided to use N-acyl homoserine lactone (AHL) synthesis and degradation pathways. The team wanted to mimic Lotka-Volterra interactions as much as possible so certain assumptions had to be taken into consideration. First, the L-V model assumes that there is an exponential increase in prey and that prey do not die on their own accord. Second, the predator must "eat" the prey and it's "productivity" is determined by how many prey it eats. Finally, the predator have a fixed death rate.
-
-	The first assumption was considered and implemented as a positive feedback loop to produce AHL in the "prey cell". A Lux R and a LuxI protein coding region was attached to a pLuxR promoter. Inherent noise in the system would cause both LuxR and LuxI to be produced. The LuxI would then catalyse AHL production leading, which would feed back into the system leading to an exponential increase of AHL. However, as biological resources are limited, the exponential increase eventually stops giving way to a steady state level of AHL. This is where AiiA, an AHL-lactonase and our predator molecule, has a pivotal role. AiiA will limit the amount of AHL in the cell by continuously "eating" the prey molecules, keeping the concentration of AHL away from steady state. However, before we implement the prey cell into our oscillator, we would like to exert some control in order to prevent the AHL concentration from reaching steady state prematurely. Several methods were devised. First, a RNA sequence called a riboswitch was designed such that the addition of theophylline would trigger the exponential feedback mechanism. The sequence coding for the riboswitch was placed in between the pLux promoter and the LuxR protein coding region, such that any leaky expression would produce the riboswitch and prevent further transcription from occuring. In its native state, the riboswitch sequence has a sticky end that will bind to the DNA sequence preventing it from being transcribed. Theophylline acts as an aptamer to change the conformation of the riboswitch, enabling the DNA sequence to be exposed, thus leading to protein expression. The second method of control was the Cre/Lox system, whereby non-coding regions of DNA were inserted in between the promoter and the protein coding region. Similar to the riboswitch, this prevents the transcription of DNA and maintains the baseline level of AHL. A second plasmid is inserted which codes for a specific restriction enzyme that will remove the non-coding region of DNA. This other plasmid is controlled by a LacI promoter, such that IPTG induction will cause its expression. This will result in the DNA being cleaved and subsequent protein expression. Also taken into consideration was the monocystronic versus polycistronic efficiency. Two test constructs were designed to investigate into which construct would provide the most exponential surge of AHL (to match as closely as possible to the Lotka-Volterra model).
-
-	But how is our predator production controlled? The team decided that a two cell system, one producing AHL and the other producing AiiA, would lead to the best population wide oscillations, perhaps also enabling control over the amplitude and frequency of the oscillations as well. As the AHL molecules are released into the surrounding solution, it is the signal by which the other cell knows to begin production of AiiA. In a population dynamics sense, the number of sheep (AHL) available will determine the growth of foxes (AiiA). Thus, our design contained LuxR and AiiA protein coding regions regulated by a pLuxR promoter. Again, the team hoped that leaky expression of LuxR would enable the feedback mechanism to start working once AHL was introduced into the system from the prey cells.
-
-	According to the extensive modelling and the similarities between the biological oscillator and the Lotka-Volterra model, a sinusoidal theoretical output was predicted that would continue for more than 10 oscillations. Moreover, by changing certain key parameters, the frequency and amplitude could easily be changed. However, tweaking biological parameters in living systems has posed a serious problem, and should be the investigation of a future project.
-	~~</hide>~~
-	~~</showhide>~~

	==Results==		==Results==

JohnChattaway at 16:16, 22 September 2006

JohnChattaway — Fri, 22 Sep 2006 16:16:53 GMT

←Older revision		Revision as of 16:16, 22 September 2006
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	'''[[http://openwetware.org/wiki/IGEM:IMPERIAL/2006 For full details visit our openwetware project site]]''' I recomend visiting the design pages for a more complete overview		'''[[http://openwetware.org/wiki/IGEM:IMPERIAL/2006 For full details visit our openwetware project site]]''' I recomend visiting the design pages for a more complete overview

		+	<showhide>
		+	__HIDER__
		+	<hide>
	==Background/Introduction==		==Background/Introduction==

Line 39:		Line 42:

	According to the extensive modelling and the similarities between the biological oscillator and the Lotka-Volterra model, a sinusoidal theoretical output was predicted that would continue for more than 10 oscillations. Moreover, by changing certain key parameters, the frequency and amplitude could easily be changed. However, tweaking biological parameters in living systems has posed a serious problem, and should be the investigation of a future project.		According to the extensive modelling and the similarities between the biological oscillator and the Lotka-Volterra model, a sinusoidal theoretical output was predicted that would continue for more than 10 oscillations. Moreover, by changing certain key parameters, the frequency and amplitude could easily be changed. However, tweaking biological parameters in living systems has posed a serious problem, and should be the investigation of a future project.
		+	</hide>
		+	</showhide>

	==Results==		==Results==

JohnChattaway: /* Abstract */

JohnChattaway — Fri, 22 Sep 2006 16:13:53 GMT

Abstract

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	'''		'''

-	'''[[http://openwetware.org/wiki/IGEM:IMPERIAL/2006 For full details visit our openwetware project site]] I recomend visiting the design pages for a more complete overview~~'''~~	+	'''[[http://openwetware.org/wiki/IGEM:IMPERIAL/2006 For full details visit our openwetware project site]]''' I recomend visiting the design pages for a more complete overview

	==Background/Introduction==		==Background/Introduction==

JohnChattaway: /* Abstract */

JohnChattaway — Fri, 22 Sep 2006 16:13:34 GMT

Abstract

←Older revision		Revision as of 16:13, 22 September 2006
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	''' It is based on predator prey dynamics and creates population wide synchronised oscillations of the concentration of an Acyl Homoserine Lactone molecule. The oscillations are driven by a synthetic quorum sensing / quenching mechanism which has been designed to behave in such a way that it fits the lotka volterra population dynamics model. The machinery is housed in two separate populations of cells which do not kill each other. Instead the cell density of the cell populations is proportional to parameters of the model such as the AHL production rate. Thereby altering the relative cell densities of the cells in our system allows us to tune the frequency and amplitude of the oscillations. This system works in mathematical models and we are currently trying to build it.		''' It is based on predator prey dynamics and creates population wide synchronised oscillations of the concentration of an Acyl Homoserine Lactone molecule. The oscillations are driven by a synthetic quorum sensing / quenching mechanism which has been designed to behave in such a way that it fits the lotka volterra population dynamics model. The machinery is housed in two separate populations of cells which do not kill each other. Instead the cell density of the cell populations is proportional to parameters of the model such as the AHL production rate. Thereby altering the relative cell densities of the cells in our system allows us to tune the frequency and amplitude of the oscillations. This system works in mathematical models and we are currently trying to build it.
	'''		'''
		+
		+	'''[[http://openwetware.org/wiki/IGEM:IMPERIAL/2006 For full details visit our openwetware project site]] I recomend visiting the design pages for a more complete overview'''

	==Background/Introduction==		==Background/Introduction==