BME103:W930 Group7: Difference between revisions
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a. DNA polymerase is added and complementary strands are synthesized at 65-75 C | a. DNA polymerase is added and complementary strands are synthesized at 65-75 C | ||
b. Causes synthesis of a new strand in the direction of 5 to 3 direction | b. Causes synthesis of a new strand in the direction of 5 to 3 direction | ||
3. The components of the PCR master mix are as follows: | |||
- nonrecombinant modified form of Taq DNA polymerase | |||
- dNTPs | |||
- MgCl2 | |||
- reaction buffers ( allows for a better amplification of the DNA) | |||
4. | 4. |
Revision as of 00:25, 14 November 2012
BME 103 Fall 2012 | Home People Lab Write-Up 1 Lab Write-Up 2 Lab Write-Up 3 Course Logistics For Instructors Photos Wiki Editing Help | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
OUR TEAM
<gflash>560 315 http://www.youtube.com/embed/x5yPkxCLads?rel=0</gflash> LAB 1 WRITE-UPInitial Machine TestingThis is a solidworks rendering of the OpenPCR machine. The OpenPCR is an affordable alternative to costly clinical machines used to amplify particular DNA sequences. This interfaces with any computer with the proper software downloaded and the process of thermal cycling to conduct a variety of tests. This could be anything from paternity tests to test for genetic markings of cancer.
When we unplugged the display (part 3) from the power supply (part 6), the machine did not have power. The blue display screen did not turn on and appeared completely black. When we unplugged the white wire that connects the power supply (part 6) to the heat block (part 2), the machine temperature on the display screen appeared incorrectly. Part 6 is responsible for recording the the internal temperature of the machine throughout the test.
Our first Open PCR test was conducted on Wednesday, October 24, 2012. While running our open PCR test, we experienced nothing but problems. We set the cycles to the appropriate temperatures and time intervals; the Initial cycle on 95°C for 30 seconds, the Denaturing cycle on 95°C for 30 seconds, the Annealing cycle on 55°C for 30 seconds, the Extending cycle on 72°C for 30 seconds, the final cycle on 72°C for 180 seconds, and the final hold at 20°C. Initially, our open PCR appeared to be running correctly for the desired two hour time interval. However, due to a cycling error, our timer extended to nearly three hours. Not only did our test exceed the desired time interval, but our time would not wind down. Our test constantly moved up and down between the times of two hours thirty minutes and two hours and fifty minutes. When our time got close to two thirty, more time would be added to our test. Also, our laptop was experiencing errors. Our laptop received an application error notice multiple times, each time disrupting our process. As a result of these complications, when the two hours elapsed we only reached step seventeen of thirty. We were forced to prematurely end our test. Therefore, we could not receive sufficient results.
One way to improve on the quality and production of the Open PCR machine is to maximize the number of loading wells and shorten the cycle time. The Open PCR machine takes too long to test only 16 samples of DNA. Also, the latch to get to the loading wells served as a hassle. It was tough to open while being careful with the expensive machine at the same time. If you are using the Open PCR as a learning tool, as we have, the machine should be transparent or constructed to be easily disassembled so students can get a better view of the job and responsibility each part completes. However, the machine is constructed with some positive qualities. The machine is affordable, and it is light weight and compact making it easily transportable. The bright glowing screen can easily be read, and the test runs very quietly. While the machine is testing, no extra work needs to be done. It is very easy to start the test and patiently wait for it to end.
ProtocolsPolymerase Chain Reaction ( 1. Within a polymerase chain reaction everything is controlled by temperature. The high temperature(95 C) causes melting of DNA templates and primers by disrupting the hydrogen bonds. Next is annealing. The temperature is dropped down to 65 temporarily(20 seconds) to allow a piece of DNA to bind to your product from the initial step. The polymerase binds to the DNA template and DNA synthesis begins. Next is elongation, the DNA polymerase synthesizes a new DNA strand. This process is repeated to replicate numerous strands of DNA. 2. 1. Heat denaturation- a. Heat the reactant , which causes melting of the DNA b. A DNA molecule sequence is targeted which is then separated into two strands c. Separation is because of hydrogen bonds breaking 2. Primer annealing a. Then you lower the temperature to 65 which allows a piece of the DNA to bind to the initial step product. b. Each strand of DNA molecule becomes annealed with an oligonucleotide primer complementary to either end of the target sequence. 3. Primers extension a. DNA polymerase is added and complementary strands are synthesized at 65-75 C b. Causes synthesis of a new strand in the direction of 5 to 3 direction 3. The components of the PCR master mix are as follows: - nonrecombinant modified form of Taq DNA polymerase - dNTPs - MgCl2 - reaction buffers ( allows for a better amplification of the DNA)
4.
(Add your work from Week 3, Part 2 here)
Research and DevelopmentSpecific Cancer Marker Detection - The Underlying Technology The gene we are looking at is rs17879961, a gene that indicates susceptibility to breast and colorectal cancer. It is located on chromosome 22 and codes for a cell-cycle regulatory kinase responsible for DNA repair processes in BRCA1, a gene that is responsible for breast cancer. In normal patients, the gene sequence is as follows: GGAAGTGGGTCCTAAAAACTCTTACA[T]TGCATACATAGAAGATCACAGTGGC But in patients susceptible to cancer, the gene sequence undergoes a slight change: GGAAGTGGGTCCTAAAAACTCTTACA[C]TGCATACATAGAAGATCACAGTGGC This is a change from an ATT codon to an ACT, a switch from isoleucine to threonine. The NCBI database is used to isolate the sequence used and determine specific primers. (BONUS points: Use a program like Powerpoint, Word, Illustrator, Microsoft Paint, etc. to illustrate how primers bind to the cancer DNA template, and how Taq polymerases amplify the DNA. Screen-captures from the OpenPCR tutorial might be useful. Be sure to credit the source if you borrow images.)
Results
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