BME103:T930 Group 17
 BME 103 Fall 2012
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OUR TEAM
LAB 1 WRITE-UP(Please finish by 11/7/2012) Initial Machine TestingThe Original Design This is an Open PCR Machine. An Open PCR Machine can rapidly duplicate DNA, or in other terms amplify it, as well as attach marker to make traits such as cancer visible. PCR stands for polymerase chain reaction. It works by heating up samples to first denature DNA and create single stranded DNA. Then it cools to allow the primer to attach and replicate the DNA. The open PCR machine starts with an initialization step where the temperature rapidly increases to 95 degrees celsius to create a hot-start for DNA polymerization that requires heat activation. The second step is denaturation where the first cycling event heats the DNA strands at a temperature of 95 degrees celsius for 30 seconds to melt the DNA template through the disruption of hydrogen bonding between paired bases, effectively splitting the double stranded helix into two single strands of DNA. The third step is the annealing step where the temperature is rapidly lowered to around 50 degrees celsius to allow for the annealing of primers. The polymerase then binds to the hybrid of primers with the template to begin DNA formation. Then begins the elongation step, which differs depending on the polymerase used; typically the optimum temperature is around 75 degrees celsius. During the elongation process, DNA polymerase synthesizes a complementary new strand of antiparallel DNA. The amount of time required for elongation differs depending on the DNA polymerase used as well as the length of the amplified DNA fragments being used. On average, DNA polymerase amplifies at a rate of one thousand bases per minute. Next is the final elongation step where the temperature is held around 75 degrees celsius to ensure that the DNA strand is fully elongated and will generally hold for around five minutes. Finally there is an end hold temperature that keeps the reaction at a steady temperature (between four and fifteen degrees) until the amplified DNA is ready to be utilized and further studied.
File:Heat sink & fan part 4.png File:Open PCR Circuit board.png
When the LCD Monitor was unplugged from the Open PCR Circuit Board the monitor lost power. When we unplugged the white wire that connects the Open PCR Circuit Board to the Sample Holder/Heating Block, the LCD monitor incorrectly displayed the temperatue. Instead of displaying the correct temperature of 25 degrees celsius it diplayed a temperature of -40 degrees Celsius.
We first tested our PCR machine on 10/18/12. The machine malfunctioned due to lack of heat management and would not cool. It was later discovered that several internal wires had been unconnected. These were later reconnected and resulted in properly functioning tests.
ProtocolsPolymerase Chain Reaction (Add your work from Week 3, Part 1 here)
(Add your work from Week 3, Part 2 here)
Research and DevelopmentSpecific Cancer Marker Detection - The Underlying Technology The specific DNA sequence that we are investigating is the r17879961 cancer associated sequence. This point mutation will change a thymine in a normal DNA strand to a cytosine in a mutated DNA strand. This mutation will result in an amino acid change of isoleucine to threonine when translated into an amino acid sequence. The primer designed for this single DNA mutation that causes cancer is able to bind to the template strand only if the mutation for cancer is present, which will allow for TAQ polymerase to extend the DNA. If the mutation is not present then the primer cannot bind and will therefore not be able to be extended resulting in a negative PCR reaction and amplification will not occur. The primers that we will use for this specific PCR have a sequence of AAACTCTTACACTGCATACA and CAGGACAAATTTCCTCCTAT.
Results
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