BIOL368/F14:Isabel Gonzaga Week 8

Defining Your HIV Structure Research Project

Question

How does HIV status (diagnosed, progressing or non-trending) affect the structure of the V3 protein region?

Hypothesis

We hypothesize that diagnosed groups will express greater variability in the V3 region in their protein structure, in comparison to the non-trending groups. Initial comparisons show that diagnosed groups and progressing groups expressed greater genetic variability than non-trending groups. These changes may affect the third variable region, affecting the host's ability to adapt to the changes and generate sufficient immune response.

Subject Data

According to the BEDROCK HIV Sequence Data Table, I was able to determine which of the subjects used within my study actually developed aids. All 3 AIDS diagnosed were confirmed with the disease by their final visit. In the AIDS progressing groups, subjects developed AIDS within 1 year after their final visit. The Non-Trending groups all maintained high CD4 T Cell Counts above the threshold, even after the study was conducted. Sequences were for each visit and subject were chosen using a Random Integer Generator, to eliminate selection bias.

The following sequences was taken from the BEDROCK HIV Problem Space Database, from the Markham et al. (1998) study.
Table 1: Sequences analyzed

Group	Subject	Visit	Sequences
AIDS Diagnosed	3 10 15	1 6 1 6 1 4	6, 5, 8 3, 4, 7 6, 7, 8 2, 4, 8 2, 3, 4 5, 8, 10
AIDS Progressing	7 8 14	1 5 1 7 1 9	2, 3, 9 2, 8, 10 3, 6, 10 1, 6, 7 6, 7, 12 9, 10, 11
No Trend	5 6 13	1 5 1 9 1 5	1, 3, 12 4, 8, 9 3, 4, 10 6, 7, 9 1, 3, 8 3, 5, 7

Working with Protein Sequences In-class Activity

Source: Bioinformatics for Dummies pp. 110-123;
Analysis using the HIV gp120 envelope protein

Chapter 4: Reading a SWISS-Prot Entry

• The Uniprot (previously known as SWISS-Prot) database was accessed
  • Searching HIV generates 600,415 results
  • Searching gp120 generates 182,286 results
• Accession number "Q75760", which corresponds to the the HIV gp120 structure used for Huang et al. (2005), was searched for and accessed on the database
  • General Information about the entry
    • Entry name: Q75760_9HIV1
    • Primary Accession Number: Q75760
    • Integrated into UniProt: November 1, 1996
    • Sequence last modified: November 1, 1996
    • Annotations last Modified: October 1, 2014
  • Name and Origin of the Protein
    • Protein Name: Envelope glycoprotein gp160
    • Gene Name: env
    • From: Human immunodeficiency virus 1; Taxonomic identifier 11676
    • Taxonomy: Viruses › Retro-transcribing viruses › Retroviridae › Orthoretrovirinae › Lentivirus › Primate lentivirus group
  • Publications
    • 9 listed
  • The Cross-References
    • EMBL: Coding Sequence U63632.1
    • PDB Crystal Structures: Entry 2b4c
    • Modbase: theoretically calculated model database
    • DIP (Database of Interacting Proteins): DIP-59960N
    • IntAct: Q75760. 3 interactions observed
    • Interpro
      • IPR000777. HIV1_GP160 domain
      • IPR000328 Retroviral Envelope Protein Domain
      • Envelope Glycoprotein gp160 (Q75760) protein; graphical view
    • PFam
      • gp120: PF00516
      • gp41: PF00517
      • gp160 env glycoprotein (graphical view): Q75760
  • The Keywords
    • Apoptosis
    • Fusion of virus membrane with host membrane
    • Host-virus interaction
    • Viral attachment to host cell
    • Viral immunoevasion
    • Viral penetration into host cytoplasm
    • Virus entry into host cell
  • The Features
    • Glycosylation at residue 298 (1 aa long); n linked
    • 'Feature viewer' not active
  • The Sequence
    • Q75760 was downloaded in FASTA format

Chapter 5: ORFing your DNA sequence

Taken from Bioinformatics for Dummies, 2ed. pp 146-147

• NCBI Open Reading Frame Finder was accessed
• HIV gp120 envelope protein sequence data for Subject 9 Visit 1 Clone 2 copied and pasted into the ORF input box. 'OrfFind button' was clicked.
  • This translates the DNA sequence to the amino acid sequence and helps to locate the open reading frame (likely +1)
• ExPasy Translate was used to further analyze presence of open reading frame. Likely determined to be 5'3' Frame 1.

Figure 1. ExPasy Protscale using Eisenberg et al for envelop glycoprotein gp160

Chapter 6: Working with a single protein sequence

Taken from Bioinformatics for Dummies, 2ed. pp. 159-195. Analyzed using HIV gp120 env protein, sequence from UniPort.

Predicting the main physico-chemical properties of a protein

• ExPasy ProtParam was accessed
• Accession number Q75760, which corresponds to the the HIV gp120 structure used for Huang et al. (2005), was inputted
• Molecular Weight: 96160.4 Da (theoretical)
• Extinction Coefficients:
  • Assuming all Cys form cystines: 184145 M¹cm¹
  • Assuming all Cys mols are reduced: 182770 M¹cm¹
• Stability Index: 37.91 (stable)
• Half-Life:
  • 30 hours (mammalian reticulocytes, in vitro)
  • >20 hours (yeast, in vivo)
  • >10 hours (Escherichia coli, in vivo).

Figure 2. Composition of glycoprotein gp160 from ExPasy ProtParam

Digesting a protein in a computer

• ExPasy Peptide Cutter tool was accessed and Q75760 accession number was inputted
• The following enzymes were selected (arbitrarily) for cleavage: Arg-C proteinase, Pepsin (pH1.3), Proteinase K)

Doing primary structure analysis

Looking for transmembrane segments

• ExPasy Protscale was accessed and Q75760 accession number was inputted
• Hphob. / Kyte & Doolittle selected, window size set to 19
• Results were converted to .gif format
  • 4 transmembrane domains identified
• Repeated Protscale analysis using Eisenberg et al. to confirm findings
• TMHMM page of CBS site accessed, and Q75760 sequence was inputted in FASTA format
  • 5 transmembrane domains observed

Figure 3. ExPasy Protscale using Kyte Doolitle for envelope glycoprotein gp160

Figure 4. ExPasy Protscale using Eisenberg et al for envelope glycoprotein gp160

Figure 5. TMHMM diagram for envelope glycoprotein gp160 indicates 5 transmembrane domains

Looking for coiled-coil regions

• COILS server at EMBnet accessed and Q75760 sequence ID inputted
• Coil-coil regions determined at ~5 places (largest between 600-700 aa residues)

Figure 6. Coil-coil regions for envelope glycoprotein gp160

Predicting post-translational modifications in your protein

• ScanProsite accessed and Q75760 Accession Number inputted
  • Unchecked exclude motifs with a high probability of occurrence box; checked do not scan profiles

Figure 7. Scan Prosite proposed structure pattern for envelope glycoprotein gp160

Figure 8. Scan Prosite glycosylation patterns within glycoprotein gp160. Glycosylation was the pattern with highest probability.

Finding Known Domains in your Protein

InterProScan

InterProScan was accessed and the FASTA sequence for glycoprotein gp160 was entered in the text box. Run was submitted.

Figure 9. Domain determined for glycoprotein gp160 using InterProScan, based off all available domain databases.

CD-Search

NCBI CD Server was accessed and Q75760 accession number was inputted. Expect Value Threshold set to 1 and 'Submit Query' button clicked.

Figure 10. Domains determined for glycoprotein gp160 using CD Server. Red denotes SMART domains, and ragged ends indicate partial matches. Low e-values for both partial domains indicate significance of match

Motif-Scan

Motif-Scan was not accessible via the provided website

Chapter 11: Working with Protein 3D Structures

Taken from Bioinformatics for Dummies, 2ed. pp. 330-336.

Predicting the secondary structure of a protein sequence: PsiPred

PsiPred was accessed. FASTA amino acid sequence for the Q75760 accession number was inputted.

Figure 11. Secondary structure prediction for glycoprotein gp160 by PsiPred. The predominant predicted secondary structure is alpha helix.

Predicting additional structural features: PredictProtein

PredictProtein was accessed. A personal account was created and validated. The FASTA amino acid sequence for Q75760 accession number was inputted.

Figure 12. Protein structure prediction from PredictProtein for glycoprotein gp160.

Crystal Structure Comparison

CN3D file was downloaded for the Hunag et al. (2005) crystallized protein from the NCBI website.

Figure 13. CN3D crystal structure determined by Huang et al. (2005) for structure 2B4C.

• Isabel Gonzaga
• BIOL 368 Fall 2014

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