20.109(S14):Introduction to cell strains and plating (Day1)

Introduction

Topic 1: module overview, both conceptual and experimental (no major NHEJ details yet, save for Day 3)

Topic 2: tissue culture

Protocols

Part 1: WAC discussion about research article organization

Leslie will join us first thing today to talk about the structure and components of a research article in preparation for the major communication assessment for Module 2.

Part 2: Introduction to tissue culture

We'll then continue with pre-lab lecture: a brief overview of the Module 2 experiment and a discussion of concepts and pragmatics related doing tissue culture.

Afterward, half of the class will begin with Part 3 and half will begin with Part 4 below, since we cannot all fit in the tissue culture room at once.

Part 3 (or 4): Plating cells for next time

We will begin with a brief demo about sterile technique and how to use the tissue culture hoods.

Overview

Each team will be given two T25 culture flasks: one with CHO-K1 cells, and one with xrs6 cells. You will enzymatically detach these adherent cells, count them, and plate them at a specific seeding density in a 6-well culture plate. Next time, you will lyse these very cells and begin your first assay of the module. For this reason, it is important that you take care to use sterile technique today.

It is essential that you do not mix up or cross-contaminate the K1 and xrs6 cell lines! We suggest that one partner is responsible for each flask, and that partners do not share Pasteur pipets or other equipment.

Protocol

1. Waste disposal, preview: Pasteur pipets and pipet tips can go directly into the sharps mayo jars as you work. Please set aside serological pipets, conical tubes, tissue culture dishes, and gloves/papers; periodically put them in the benchtop biowaste containers or directly in the burn box.
2. Each tissue culture hood is partly set up for you. Finish preparing your hood according to the demo, first bringing in any remaining equipment you will need, then picking up the pre-warmed reagents from the water bath, and finally obtaining your cells. Don't forget to spray everything down with 70% ethanol.
   • One of the greatest sources for TC contamination is moving materials in and out of the hood since this disturbs the air flow that maintains the sterile environment inside the hood. Anticipate what you will need during your experiment to avoid moving your arms in and out of the hood while your cells are inside.
3. Look at your cells as you remove them from the incubator. Look first at the color and clarity of the media. Fresh media is reddish-orange in color and if the media on your cells is yellow or cloudy, it could mean that the cells are overgrown, contaminated, or starved for CO2. Next look at the cells on the inverted microscope. Note their shape and arrangement in the dish and how densely the cells cover the surface.
4. Aspirate the media from the cells using a sterile Pasteur pipet.
5. Wash the cells by adding 3 ml PBS using a 5 mL pipet. Slightly tip the flask back and forth to rinse all the cells.
6. To dislodge the cells from the dish, you will add trypsin, a proteolytic enzyme. Aspirate the PBS with a fresh Pasteur pipet. Then, using a 2 ml pipet, add 1 mlLof trypsin to the flask. Be careful not to pull up the liquid too quickly or it will go all the way up your pipet into the pipet-aid!

REVISION IN PROGRESS

1. Tip the flask in each direction to distribute the liquid evenly. Incubate the cells at 37°C for 3-5 minutes, until the cells round up and are easily dislodged from the plate by tapping.
2. While you are waiting, you can add 1 ml of sterile 0.1% gelatin to the two leftmost wells of a six-well dish (one dish per pair) and also label the dish.
   • The gelatin will be removed before you seed your MES cells but it is important to pre-treat the dish this way. MES must grow on either a "feeder layer" of fibroblasts, or on a gelatin-coated surface. The pre-treatment must be done for at least 10 minutes.
   • Label the plate lid with your group colour, today’s date, and the cell line (called “J1”). Label the well you used with your initials and the cell dilution you did, and make sure your partner does the same.
3. After retrieving your cells, add 1.3 ml of media to the trypsinized MES cells and pipet the liquid up and down (“triturate”) to remove the cells from the plastic and suspend them in the liquid. Remove a small amount of the suspension (perhaps 50 μL) to an eppendorf tube.
4. According to the procedures below, either begin counting your cells or begin plating them (no matter what count you get, you will plate a 1:2 and a 1:10 dilution), depending on microscope availability. The teaching faculty will explain cell counting to 1-2 groups at a time.
5. Take your cell aliquot to the inverted microscopes and fill one chamber of a hemocytometer with 10 μL of the cell suspension.
   • This slide has an etched grid of nine large squares. The concentration of cells in a sample can be determined by counting the cells that fall within one such square and then multiplying by 10,000 to determine the number of cells/mL in the solution measured. (Always remember to convert from dilution to cell stock at the end!)
   • Note that different squares are sub-divided into different grids. Very dense cells could be counted in the fine grids. In your case, the 4x4 grids and a 10x magnification will be most convenient for counting.
   • You should count the cells in two of the four corner squares of the 25 square grid, then average the numbers to determine the concentration of cells in your suspension. Save your raw data for a later FNT assignment!

     

     Counting cells using a hemocytometer

6. You and your partner will each seed 3 mL of cells but at different concentrations. Decide if you will try the 1:10 or 1:2 dilution and mix the appropriate amount of cell suspension and culture media together in a 15 ml conical tube.
   • Note that the dilution factor refers to the volume of the original cell culture, not the volume that you are moving the cells into. (If the surface area of the 35 mm dish and 6-well dish were very different, we would also want to take that into account.)
7. Remove the gelatin from the six-well dish (if you haven't already) and add 3 ml of your cell dilution to one of the gelatin-treated wells. Your partner will use the other treated well in the same dish. Be sure to label your plate if you haven't already, then return your cells to the incubator.
8. Waste disposal, final: Aspirate any remaining cell suspensions to destroy them and then clean up the hood. Dispose any vessels that held cells in the burn box, and any sharps in the mayo jars or burn box according to the waste disposal preview above. The next group who uses your hood should find the surfaces wiped down, no equipment that you brought in left inside, and the sash closed. Please do leave the equipment that was already there.

Part 4 (or 3): Getting familiar with Module 2 cell lines

For next time

Reagent list

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