BioNumbersDB

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bion_id	property	organism	value	range	units

1	Cell length	Bacteria Escherichia coli	2		microns 2	Cell diameter	Bacteria Escherichia coli	0.8		microns 3	Cell total volume	Bacteria Escherichia coli	1		um3 4	Cell total volume	Bacteria Escherichia coli	1.12E-18	0.44-1.79*10^-18	m3 5	Cell aqueous volume	Bacteria Escherichia coli	0.7		um3 6	Cell surface area	Bacteria Escherichia coli	6		um2 7	Cell wet weight	Bacteria Escherichia coli	1		pg 8	Cell dry weight	Bacteria Escherichia coli	0.3		pg 9	Cell dry weight	Bacteria Escherichia coli	0.64		pg 10	Periplasm volume	Bacteria Escherichia coli	0.065		fL 11	Cytoplasm volume	Bacteria Escherichia coli	0.67		fL 12	Envelope volume	Bacteria Escherichia coli	0.16		fL 13	Nuclear (DNA+protein) volume	Bacteria Escherichia coli	0.16		fL 14	Inner Membrane thickness	Bacteria Escherichia coli	8		nm 15	Outer Membrane thickness	Bacteria Escherichia coli	11.5	8 to 15	nm 16	Periplasm thickness	Bacteria Escherichia coli	10		nm 17	Average size of protein	Bacteria Escherichia coli	360		aa 18	Average diameter of ave. protein	Bacteria Escherichia coli	5		nm 19	Average MW of protein	Bacteria Escherichia coli	40		kDalton 20	Average prot. oligomerization state	Bacteria Escherichia coli	4		proteins/complex 21	Average MW of protein entity	Bacteria Escherichia coli	160		kDalton 22	Average size of mRNA	Bacteria Escherichia coli	1100		bp 23	Average length of mRNA	Bacteria Escherichia coli	370		nm 24	Average MW of all RNAs	Bacteria Escherichia coli	400		kDalton 25	Average MW of single DNA	Bacteria Escherichia coli	3000000		kDalton 26	Average MW of all DNA	Bacteria Escherichia coli	7000000		kDalton 27	Average length of DNA (chrom.)	Bacteria Escherichia coli	1.55		mm 28	Diameter of chromosome	Bacteria Escherichia coli	490		micron 29	Diameter of condensed chromosome	Bacteria Escherichia coli	17		micron 30	Spacing between small organics	Bacteria Escherichia coli	3.6		nm/molecule 31	Spacing between ions	Bacteria Escherichia coli	2.1		nm/molecule 32	Ave. spacing between proteins	Bacteria Escherichia coli	7		nm/molecule 33	Spacing between protein entities	Bacteria Escherichia coli	9		nm/molecule 34	Mean Velocity of 70 kD protein (cytoplasm)	Bacteria Escherichia coli	3		nm/ms 35	Mean Velocity of 40 kD protein (cytoplasm)	Bacteria Escherichia coli	5		nm/ms 36	Mean Velocity of 30 kD protein (cytoplasm)	Bacteria Escherichia coli	7		nm/ms 37	Mean Velocity of 14 kD protein (cytoplasm)	Bacteria Escherichia coli	10		nm/ms 38	Mean Velocity of small molecules (cytoplasm)	Bacteria Escherichia coli	50		nm/ms 39	Mean Velocity of protein in H2O	Bacteria Escherichia coli	27		nm/ms 40	Mean Velocity of small molecules in H2O	Bacteria Escherichia coli	87		nm/ms 41	Concentration of protein in cell	Bacteria Escherichia coli	260	200-320	mg/ml 42	Concentration of RNA in cell	Bacteria Escherichia coli	97.5	75-120	mg/ml 43	Concentration of DNA in cell	Bacteria Escherichia coli	14.5	18-Nov	mg/ml 44	Volume occupied by water	Bacteria Escherichia coli	70		Percent 45	Volume occupied by protein	Bacteria Escherichia coli	17		Percent 46	Volume occupied by all RNA	Bacteria Escherichia coli	6		Percent 47	Volume occupied by rRNA	Bacteria Escherichia coli	5		Percent 48	Volume occupied by tRNA	Bacteria Escherichia coli	0.8		Percent 49	Volume occupied by mRNA	Bacteria Escherichia coli	0.2		Percent 50	Volume occupied by DNA	Bacteria Escherichia coli	1		Percent 51	Volume occupied by ribosomes	Bacteria Escherichia coli	8		Percent 52	Volume occupied by lipid	Bacteria Escherichia coli	3		Percent 53	Volume occupied by LPS	Bacteria Escherichia coli	1		Percent 54	Volume occupied by murein	Bacteria Escherichia coli	1		Percent 55	Volume occupied by glycogen	Bacteria Escherichia coli	1		Percent 56	Volume occupied by ions	Bacteria Escherichia coli	0.3		Percent 57	Volume occupied by small organics	Bacteria Escherichia coli	1		Percent 58	Translation rate	Bacteria Escherichia coli	40		aa/sec 59	Translation rate	Bacteria Escherichia coli	20		aa/sec 60	RNA polymerase transcription rate	Bacteria Escherichia coli	70		nt/sec 61	Number of cell walls/cell	Bacteria Escherichia coli	1		Unitless 62	Number of membranes/cell	Bacteria Escherichia coli	2		Unitless 63	Number of chromosomes/cell	Bacteria Escherichia coli	2.3		Unitless 64	Number of mRNA/cell	Bacteria Escherichia coli	4000		Unitless 65	Number of rRNA/cell	Bacteria Escherichia coli	18000		Unitless 66	Number of tRNA/cell	Bacteria Escherichia coli	200000		Unitless 67	Number of all RNA/cell	Bacteria Escherichia coli	222000		Unitless 68	Number of polysaccharides/cell	Bacteria Escherichia coli	39000		Unitless 69	Number of murein molecules/cell	Bacteria Escherichia coli	470000	240,000-700,000	Unitless 70	Number of lipopolysaccharide/cell	Bacteria Escherichia coli	600000		Unitless 71	Number of lipids/cell	Bacteria Escherichia coli	25000000		Unitless 72	Number of all lipids/cell	Bacteria Escherichia coli	25000000		Unitless 73	Number of phosphatidylethanolamine	Bacteria Escherichia coli	18500000		Unitless 74	Number of phosphatidylglycerol	Bacteria Escherichia coli	5000000		Unitless 75	Number of cardiolipin	Bacteria Escherichia coli	1200000		Unitless 76	Number of phosphatidylserine	Bacteria Escherichia coli	500000		Unitless 77	Number of LPS (MW = 10kD)	Bacteria Escherichia coli	600000		Unitless 78	Average SA of lipid molecule	Bacteria Escherichia coli	25		Ang2 79	Fraction of lipid bilayer=lipid	Bacteria Escherichia coli	40		Percent 80	Fraction of lipid bilayer=protein	Bacteria Escherichia coli	60		Percent 81	Number of outer membrane proteins	Bacteria Escherichia coli	300000		Unitless 82	Number of porins (subset of OM)	Bacteria Escherichia coli	60000		Unitless 83	Number of lipoproteins (OM)	Bacteria Escherichia coli	240000		Unitless 84	Number of inner membrane proteins	Bacteria Escherichia coli	200000		Unitless 85	Number of nuclear proteins	Bacteria Escherichia coli	100000		Unitless 86	Number of cytoplasmic proteins	Bacteria Escherichia coli	1000000		Unitless 87	Number of ribosomal proteins	Bacteria Escherichia coli	900000		Unitless 88	Number of periplasmic proteins	Bacteria Escherichia coli	80000		Unitless 89	Number of all proteins in cell	Bacteria Escherichia coli	2600000		Unitless 90	Number of all proteins in cell in amino acids	Bacteria Escherichia coli	1890000000		amino acids 91	Time to replicate the chromosome	Bacteria Escherichia coli	53.5	40-67	Minutes 92	Average distance between ribosomes on mRNA	Bacteria Escherichia coli	60	41-79	nucleotides 93	Number of external proteins (flag/pili)	Bacteria Escherichia coli	1000000		Unitless 94	Number of all proteins	Bacteria Escherichia coli	3600000		Unitless 95	Number of protein types to make flagella	Bacteria Escherichia coli	42		Unitless 96	Length of flagella	Bacteria Escherichia coli	15	20-Oct	microns 97	Diameter of flagella	Bacteria Escherichia coli	25		nm 98	Number of protofilaments in flagellum	Bacteria Escherichia coli	11		Unitless 99	Diameter of each fliC monomer	Bacteria Escherichia coli	5		nm 100	Number of fliC monomers in filament	Bacteria Escherichia coli	33000		Unitless 101	Number of flagella/cell	Bacteria Escherichia coli	10		Unitless 102	Number of fliC proteins	Bacteria Escherichia coli	330000		Unitless 103	Speed at which E. coli move	Bacteria Escherichia coli	50		micron/sec 104	Number of protein types to make pilus	Bacteria Escherichia coli	1		Unitless 105	Length of pili/fimbrae	Bacteria Escherichia coli	1100	200-2000	nm 106	Diameter of pili	Bacteria Escherichia coli	6.5		nm 107	Number of papA/nm pilus	Bacteria Escherichia coli	1.5		Unitless 108	Number of papA monomers/pilus	Bacteria Escherichia coli	16500	3000-30,000	Unitless 109	Number of pili/cell	Bacteria Escherichia coli	200	100-300	Unitless 110	Number of papA/cell	Bacteria Escherichia coli	600000	300,000-900,000	Unitless 111	Number of ribosomes/cell	Bacteria Escherichia coli	18000		Unitless 112	Number of protein types to make ribosome	Bacteria Escherichia coli	55		Unitless 113	Number rRNA types to make ribosome	Bacteria Escherichia coli	3		Unitless 114	Number of proteins in 30S subunit	Bacteria Escherichia coli	21		Unitless 115	Number of proteins in 50S subunit	Bacteria Escherichia coli	34		Unitless 116	Number of rRNA in 30S subunit	Bacteria Escherichia coli	1		Unitless 117	Number of rRNA in 50S subunit	Bacteria Escherichia coli	2		Unitless 118	Length of all rRNA	Bacteria Escherichia coli	5520		nt 119	MW of ribosome	Bacteria Escherichia coli	2700		kDalton 120	MW of RNA component	Bacteria Escherichia coli	1700		kDalton 121	MW of protein component	Bacteria Escherichia coli	1000		kDalton 122	Diameter of ribosome	Bacteria Escherichia coli	20		nm 123	Volume of ribosome	Bacteria Escherichia coli	0.0000042		um3 124	Number of water molecules/cell	Bacteria Escherichia coli	23400000000		Unitless 125	Number of ions/cell	Bacteria Escherichia coli	120000000		Unitless 126	Number of small organics/cell	Bacteria Escherichia coli	18000000		Unitless 127	Number of K ions	Bacteria Escherichia coli	90000000		Unitless 128	Number of Na ions	Bacteria Escherichia coli	2000000		Unitless 129	Na (in): Na (out)	Bacteria Escherichia coli	0.05		Unitless 130	Number of Ca ions	Bacteria Escherichia coli	2300000		Unitless 131	Number of free Ca ions	Bacteria Escherichia coli	40		Unitless 132	Number of Cl ions	Bacteria Escherichia coli	2400000		Unitless 133	Number of Mg ions	Bacteria Escherichia coli	4000000		Unitless 134	Number of Fe ions	Bacteria Escherichia coli	7000000		Unitless 135	Number of Mn ions	Bacteria Escherichia coli	1700000		Unitless 136	Number of Zn ions	Bacteria Escherichia coli	1700000		Unitless 137	Number of Mo ions	Bacteria Escherichia coli	1700000		Unitless 138	Number of Cu ions	Bacteria Escherichia coli	1700000		Unitless 139	Number of PO4 ions	Bacteria Escherichia coli	2000000		Unitless 140	Number of glucose/cell	Bacteria Escherichia coli	300000	200,000-400,000	Unitless 141	Number of PEP/cell	Bacteria Escherichia coli	1100000		Unitless 142	Number of pyruvate/cell	Bacteria Escherichia coli	370000		Unitless 143	Number of gluc-6-PO4/cell	Bacteria Escherichia coli	20000		Unitless 144	Number of ATP/cell	Bacteria Escherichia coli	1750000	500,000 - 3,000,000	Unitless 145	Number of ADP/cell	Bacteria Escherichia coli	70000		Unitless 146	Number of NADP/cell	Bacteria Escherichia coli	240000		Unitless 147	Number of NADPH/cell	Bacteria Escherichia coli	220000		Unitless 148	Number of all amino acids/cell	Bacteria Escherichia coli	6000000		Unitless 149	Number of free Alanine/cell	Bacteria Escherichia coli	350000		Unitless 150	Number of free Cysteine/cell	Bacteria Escherichia coli	80000		Unitless 151	Number of free Aspartate/cell	Bacteria Escherichia coli	530000		Unitless 152	Number of free Glutamate/cell	Bacteria Escherichia coli	200000		Unitless 153	Number of free Phenylalanine/cell	Bacteria Escherichia coli	170000		Unitless 154	Number of free Glycine/cell	Bacteria Escherichia coli	350000		Unitless 155	Number of free Histidine/cell	Bacteria Escherichia coli	80000		Unitless 156	Number of free Isoleucine/cell	Bacteria Escherichia coli	200000		Unitless 157	Number of free Lysine/cell	Bacteria Escherichia coli	190000		Unitless 158	Number of free Leucine/cell	Bacteria Escherichia coli	300000		Unitless 159	Number of free Methionine/cell	Bacteria Escherichia coli	40000		Unitless 160	Number of free Asparagine/cell	Bacteria Escherichia coli	200000		Unitless 161	Number of free Proline/cell	Bacteria Escherichia coli	200000		Unitless 162	Number of free Glutamine/cell	Bacteria Escherichia coli	200000		Unitless 163	Number of free Arginine/cell	Bacteria Escherichia coli	170000		Unitless 164	Number of free Serine/cell	Bacteria Escherichia coli	300000		Unitless 165	Number of free Threonine/cell	Bacteria Escherichia coli	1400000		Unitless 166	Number of free Valine/cell	Bacteria Escherichia coli	240000		Unitless 167	Number of free Tryptophan/cell	Bacteria Escherichia coli	80000		Unitless 168	Number of free Tyrosine/cell	Bacteria Escherichia coli	300000		Unitless 169	Osmotic pressure (pushing out)	Bacteria Escherichia coli	75		lb/in2 170	One glucose generates (total)	Bacteria Escherichia coli	37	36-38	ATP 171	Glycolysis yields	Bacteria Escherichia coli	7	8-Jun	ATP 172	Oxidation of pyruvate yields	Bacteria Escherichia coli	6		ATP 173	Krebs cycle/e- transport yields	Bacteria Escherichia coli	24		ATP 174	Number ATP to make 1 DNA	Bacteria Escherichia coli	72289000		Unitless 175	Number ATP to make 1 protein (360 aa)	Bacteria Escherichia coli	1500		Unitless 176	Number ATP to make 1 lipid	Bacteria Escherichia coli	7		Unitless 177	Number ATP to make 1 polysaccharide	Bacteria Escherichia coli	2000		Unitless 178	Number ATP to make 1 RNA (1000 nt)	Bacteria Escherichia coli	2000		Unitless 179	Number ATP to make 1 cell	Bacteria Escherichia coli	55000000000		ATP 180	Number Glucose molecules consumed	Bacteria Escherichia coli	1400000		Unitless 181	Cell generation time	Bacteria Escherichia coli	30		minutes 182	Number of chemoreceptors (total)	Bacteria Escherichia coli	15000		proteins 183	Number of major receptors (Tsr+Tar)	Bacteria Escherichia coli	14000		proteins 184	Number of minor receptors (Trg+Tap+Aer)	Bacteria Escherichia coli	1000		proteins 185	Number of kinases (CheA)	Bacteria Escherichia coli	4500		proteins 186	Number of receptor-kinase couplers (CheW)	Bacteria Escherichia coli	6700		proteins 187	Number of phosphatases (CheZ)	Bacteria Escherichia coli	3200		proteins 188	Number of feedback response regulators (CheB)	Bacteria Escherichia coli	240		proteins 189	Number of methyltransferases	Bacteria Escherichia coli	140		proteins 190	Time constant for sub-saturating response	Bacteria Escherichia coli	4		seconds 191	Cell length	Bacteria Escherichia coli	3		um 192	Cell diameter	Bacteria Escherichia coli	1		um 193	Cell volume	Bacteria Escherichia coli	2		um3 194	GFP diffusion rate in cytoplasm	Bacteria Escherichia coli	7.7	plus/minus 2.5	µm^2/s 195	Available RNAP	Bacteria Escherichia coli	30		nM 196	Available ribosomes	Bacteria Escherichia coli	500		nM 197	Average number of proteins per transcript	Bacteria Escherichia coli	10		unitless 198	Ribosome + RNAn --> Ribosome·RNAn+1	Bacteria Escherichia coli	100		bp/sec 199	Diffusion coefficient of dextran (40kDa) in Drosophila cytoplasm	Fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster	17.6	plus/minus 1.8	um^2/s 200	Genome Size	Fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster	120000000		Base pairs 201	Number of genes	Fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster	13647		Genes 202	Chromosome number (2n)	Fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster	8		unitless 203	median length of a yeast RNA molecule [nucleotides]	Yeast	1474		unitless 204	median cost of precursor synthesis per nucleotide [~P]	Budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae	49.3		unitless 205	median mRNA abundance	Yeast	1.2		unitless 206	median mRNA decay constant	Yeast	0.00056		s^-1 207	median length of a yeast protein	Yeast	385		aa 208	median cost of precursor synthesis per amino acid [~P]	Budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae	30.3		unitless 209	median protein abundance	Yeast	2460		unitless 210	TRPV1 Q10		20.6		Unitless 211	TRPV1 Q10		25.6		Unitless 212	Diameter of Bacillus subtilis	Bacteria Bacillus subtilis	0.87		um 213	Length of Bacillus subtilis in rich media	Bacteria Bacillus subtilis	4.7		um 214	Length of Bacillus subtilis in minimal sorbitol medium	Bacteria Bacillus subtilis	2.3		um 215	Water as percentage of the total wet weight	bacteria	70		Percent 216	Intracellular concentration of Na+ in early cleavage stage Xenopus laevis embryos	African clawed frog Xenopus laevis	21		mM 217	Protein percentage by weight in bacteria	Bacteria	26	20-32	Percent 218	Intracellular concentration of K+ in early cleavage stage Xenopus laevis embryos	African clawed frog Xenopus laevis	90		mM 219	number of bacteriochlorophylls per reaction center	Bacteria	70	40-100	unitless 220	Intracellular concentration of Cl- in Xenopus laevis eggs	African clawed frog Xenopus laevis	60		mM 221	Mutation rate per base pair per replication	Bacteriophage Lambda	0.000000077		mutation/bp/replication 222	Intercellular concentration of Na+ in stage 9 blastula embryos of Xenopus laevis	African clawed frog Xenopus laevis	91		mM 223	Mutation rate per genome per replication	Bacteriophage Lambda	0.0038		mutation/genome/replication 224	Intercellular concentration of K+ in stage 9 blastula embryos of Xenopus laevis	African clawed frog Xenopus laevis	4		mM 225	Mutation rate per base pair per replication	Bacteriophage M13	0.00000072		mutation/bp/replication 226	Intercellular concentrationof Cl- in stage 9 blastula embryos of Xenopus laevis	African clawed frog Xenopus laevis	59		mM 227	Mutation rate per genome per replication	Bacteriophage M13	0.0046		mutation/genome/replication 228	Intercellular concentration of Ca2+ in stage 9 blastula embryos of Xenopus laevis	African clawed frog Xenopus laevis	1.5		mM 229	Mutation rate per base pair per replication	Bacteriophages T2 and T4	0.000000024		mutation/bp/replication 230	Concentration of ATP in Xenopus laevis eggs	African clawed frog Xenopus laevis	0.8	0.6-1	mM 231	Mutation rate per genome per replication	Bacteriophages T2 and T4	0.004		mutation/genome/replication 232	Concentration of GTP, CTP, and UTP in Xenopus laevis eggs	African clawed frog Xenopus laevis	0.4	0.2-0.6	mM 233	Virus diameter, head only	Bacteriophage Lambda	0.000066		um3 234	Translation rate of beta-galactosidase in E. coli	Bacteria Escherichia coli	14.5	13-16	aa/s 235	Genome Size	African clawed frog Xenopus laevis	3000000000		Base pairs 236	Virus diameter, head only	Bacteriophage Lambda	50		nm 237	Number of output response regulators (CheY)	Bacteria Escherichia coli	8200		proteins 238	Number of genes	Yeast	6609		ORF 239	Leaf area index	Biosphere	4.3		micromol/m^2/sec 240	Dynamic range for gradient sensing of alpha-methylaspartate	Bacteria Escherichia coli	5		orders of magnitude 241	Number of tRNA	Yeast	299		unitless 242	Global primary productivity - [carbon]	Biosphere	1E+14		kg/year 243	Diffusion rate of cytochrome c	Horse Equus caballus	13		10^-7*cm^2/sec 244	Number of rRNA genes	Budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae	150		unitless 245	Total CO2 in biosphere	Biosphere	4.00E+16		kg 246	Diffusion rate of Hemoglobin, oxy	Horse Equus caballus	6.02		10^-7*cm^2/sec 247	Diffusion rate of Concanavalin A	Budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae	6.34		10^-7*cm^2/sec 248	Diffusion rate of Pancreatic trypsin inhibitor	Cow Bos Taurus	12.9		10^-7*cm^2/sec 249	Diffusion rate of Alcohol dehydrogenaseh	Horse Equus caballus	6.23		10^-7*cm^2/sec 250	Molecular weight of Concanavalin A	Yeast	51260		Dalton 251	Diffusion rate of Ribonuclease A	Cow Bos Taurus	10.7		10^-7*cm^2/sec 252	Molecular weight of cytochrome c	Horse Equus caballus	12310		Dalton 253	Percent of total transcription devoted to ribosomal RNA	Yeast	60		Percent 254	Diffusion rate of Trypsin	Cow Bos Taurus	9.3		10^-7*cm^2/sec 255	Molecular weight of Hemoglobin, oxy	Horse Equus caballus	64610		Dalton 256	RNA to DNA ratio	Yeast	50		Unitless 257	Diffusion rate of Elastase	Cow Bos Taurus	9.5		10^-7*cm^2/sec 258	Molecular weight of Alcohol dehydrogenaseh	Horse Equus caballus	79870		Dalton 259	Percent of total RNA that is ribosomal RNA	Yeast	80		Percent 260	Diffusion rate of Carboxypeptidase A	Cow Bos Taurus	9.2		10^-7*cm^2/sec 261	Minimal generation time	Bacteria Escherichia coli	17		Minutes 262	Percent of total RNA that is tRNA	Budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae	15		Percent 263	Diffusion rate of Phosphoglycerate kinase	Cow Bos Taurus	6.38		10^-7*cm^2/sec 264	Mutation rate per base pair per replication	Bacteria Escherichia coli	5.4E-10		mutation/bp/replication 265	Percent of total RNA that is ribosomal mRNA	Budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae	5		Percent 266	Molecular weight of Pancreatic trypsin inhibitor	Cow Bos Taurus	6520		Dalton 267	Mutation rate per genome per replication	Bacteria Escherichia coli	0.0025		mutation/genome/replication 268	Number of ribosomes	Budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae	200000		Unitless 269	Molecular weight of Ribonuclease A	Cow Bos Taurus	13690		Dalton 270	Genome Size	Bacteria Escherichia coli	4600000		Base pairs 271	Generation time	Budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae	100		minutes 272	Molecular weight of Trypsin	Cow Bos Taurus	23200		Dalton 273	Number of genes	Bacteria Escherichia coli	3000		Genes 274	Number of mRNAs in cell	Budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae	15000		Unitless 275	Molecular weight of Elastase	Cow Bos Taurus	25900		Dalton 276	GFP diffusion rate in eukaryotic cytoplasm	Unspecified	27		µm^2/s 277	Gene duplication rate per gene per billion years	Budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae	0.035	0.01 - 0.06	gene^-1*billion years^-1 278	Molecular weight of Carboxypeptidase A	Cow Bos Taurus	34500		Dalton 279	Genome Size	Pufferfish Fugu rubripes	365000000		Base pairs 280	Molecular weight of Phosphoglycerate kinase	Cow Bos Taurus	45800		Dalton 281	Number of genes	Pufferfish Fugu rubripes	38000		Genes 282	Genome Size	Nematode Caenorhabditis briggsae	104000000		Base pairs 283	Genome Size	Chicken Gallus gallus	120000000		Base pairs 284	Mitochondrial rRNA in egg	African clawed frog Xenopus laevis	20		ng 285	Number of genes	Nematode Caenorhabditis briggsae	19507		Genes 286	Diffusion rate of small molecule	Generic	50		10^-7*cm^2/sec 287	Mitochondrial protein in egg	African clawed frog Xenopus laevis	10		micrograms 288	Mutation rate per base pair per replication	Nematode Caenorhabditis elegans	2.3E-10		mutation/bp/replication 289	Diffusion rate of protein molecule	Generic	5		10^-7*cm^2/sec 290	Generation time	Cyanobacteria Synechocystis PCC 6803	6		Hours 291	Mutation rate per genome per replication	Nematode Caenorhabditis elegans	0.018		mutation/genome/replication 292	Diffusion rate of virus particle	Generic	0.5		10^-7*cm^2/sec 293	number of genes	Mycoplasma Mesoplasma florum	683		unitless 294	Minimal generation time	Spirochaete bacteria Treponema pallidum	1980		Minutes 295	Chromosome number (2n)	Nematode Caenorhabditis elegans	12		unitless 296	Diffusion rate of bacterial cell	Generic	0.05		10^-7*cm^2/sec 297	Genome size	Mycoplasma Mesoplasma florum	793224		bp 298	Minimal generation time	Bacteria Vibrio natriegens	9.8		Minutes 299	generation time	Nematode Caenorhabditis elegans	4		days 300	Diffusion rate of animal cell	Generic	0.005		10^-7*cm^2/sec 301	GFP diffusion rate in mitochondria	Mitochondria	25	20-30	µm^2/s 302	GFP diffusion rate in water	Not applicable	87		µm^2/s 303	Nuclear volume of a stage VI Xenopus laevis oocyte	African clawed frog Xenopus laevis	40		nL 304	Life span	Nematode Caenorhabditis elegans	2.5	3-Feb	weeks 305	Weight of DNA base pair	Generic	665		Dalton 306	Genome Size	Mouse Mus musculus	3000000000		Base pairs 307	Chromosomal DNA weight	African clawed frog Xenopus laevis	12		pg 308	Protein accumulation rate of a stage VI Xenopus laevis oocyte	African clawed frog Xenopus laevis	400		ng/day 309	Genome Size	Nematode Caenorhabditis elegans	100000000		Base pairs 310	Weight of single stranded DNA base	Generic	325		Dalton 311	Number of genes	Mouse Mus musculus	30000		Genes 312	Nucleolar rDNA weight	African clawed frog Xenopus laevis	25		pg 313	Amount of ATP in a stage VI Xenopus laevis oocyte	African clawed frog Xenopus laevis	1700		pmol 314	Number of genes	Nematode Caenorhabditis elegans	20621		Genes 315	Weight of single stranded RNA base	Generic	340		Dalton 316	Mutation rate per base pair per replication	Mouse Mus musculus	1.8E-10		mutation/bp/replication 317	Nucleolar rDNA	African clawed frog Xenopus laevis	2000000		rDNA repeats 318	Amount of CTP in a stage VI Xenopus laevis oocyte	African clawed frog Xenopus laevis	500		pmol 319	Water as percentage of the total wet weight in heart fibroblasts	Chicken Gallus gallus	77		Percent 320	Conversion from weight to bp	Generic	978		Mbp/pgram 321	Mutation rate per genome per replication	Mouse Mus musculus	0.49		mutation/genome/replication 322	Mitochondrial DNA weight	African clawed frog Xenopus laevis	4000		pg 323	Amount of UTP in a stage VI Xenopus laevis oocyte	African clawed frog Xenopus laevis	1200		pmol 324	Chromosome number (2n)	Chimpanzee Pan troglodytes	48		unitless 325	Flux of photons	Generic	4.00E+21		Photons/m^2/sec 326	Q10 (24-36°C) of TRPV4	Mouse Mus musculus	19.1		Unitless 327	Mitochondrial DNA	African clawed frog Xenopus laevis	100000000		genomes 328	Polysome density in Xenopus stage VI oocytes	African clawed frog Xenopus laevis	1		polymerase per 100-200 nucleotides 329	Generation time	Green algae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii	5		Hours 330	Max Photosynthetic photon flux	Generic	2000		micromol/m^2/sec 331	TRPV3 Q10	Mouse Mus musculus	6.62		Unitless 332	rRNA	African clawed frog Xenopus laevis	5		ug 333	Elongation rate of RNA polymerase in Xenopus stage VI oocytes	African clawed frog Xenopus laevis	15		nucleotides/s 334	Number of chromosomes/cell	Green algae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii	17		Unitless 335	Mean Photosynthetic photon flux	Generic	800		micromol/m^2/sec 336	Chromosome number (2n)	Mouse Mus musculus	40		unitless 337	5S RNA	African clawed frog Xenopus laevis	60		ng 338	RNA accumulation rate in stage VI Xenopus laevis oocyte	African clawed frog Xenopus laevis	20		ng/day 339	Genome Size	Green algae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii	120000000		Base pairs 340	Effective cross section of chlorophyll for useful photons	Generic	0.09		Angstrom^2 341	Protein percentage by weight in muscle cells	Unspecified	23		Percent 342	5S RNA	African clawed frog Xenopus laevis	1E+12		RNAs 343	Elongation rate of ribosomes in Xenopus laevis stage VI oocytes	African clawed frog Xenopus laevis	3		nucleotides/s 344	Chlorophyll concentration	Chloroplast	30		mol/m^3 345	Maximal absorption rate under sun illumination of chlorophyll pigment	Generic	4		1/sec 346	Minimal generation time	Mycobacterium tuberculosis	862	792-932	Minutes 347	tRNA	African clawed frog Xenopus laevis	60		ng 348	Number of Vitellogenin mRNA transcripts per liver cell after estrogen stimulation of Xenopus laevis males or females	African clawed frog Xenopus laevis	30000		transcripts/cell 349	Genome Size	Zebrafish Danio rerio	1700000000		Base pairs 350	Catalysis rates of photosystem units	Generic	5050	100-10000	1/sec 351	Mutation rate per base pair per replication	Bread mold Neurospora crassa	7.2E-11		mutation/bp/replication 352	tRNA	African clawed frog Xenopus laevis	1.5E+12		tRNAs 353	Number of rRNA genes in E. coli	Bacteria Escherichia coli	7		unitless 354	Diffusion rate of Lactate dehydrogenase	Dogfish	4.99		10^-7*cm^2/sec 355	Catalysis rates of photosystem units	Generic	200		1/sec 356	Mutation rate per genome per replication	Bread mold Neurospora crassa	0.003		mutation/genome/replication 357	snRNA U1	African clawed frog Xenopus laevis	0.07		ng 358	Molecular weight of Lactate dehydrogenase	Dogfish	146200		Dalton 359	Amino acid replacement rate [per site per year]	Generic	0.000000001		year^-1 360	Genome Size	Bread mold Neurospora crassa	39900000		Base pairs 361	snRNA U1	African clawed frog Xenopus laevis	800000000		RNAs 362	Chromosome number (2n)	Cat Felis silvestris catus	38		unitless 363	Osmotic pressure of the ocean	Generic	27		Atm 364	Number of genes	Bread mold Neurospora crassa	10000		Genes 365	polyA+ RNA	African clawed frog Xenopus laevis	80		ng 366	Mutation rate per base pair per replication	Fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster	3.4E-10		mutation/bp/replication 367	Chromosome number (2n)	Goldfish Carassius auratus	104		unitless 368	Chloroplast length	Plant cell	4		um 369	Chloroplast diameter	Plant cell	1		um 370	polyA+ RNA	African clawed frog Xenopus laevis	50000000000		RNAs 371	Mutation rate per genome per replication	Fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster	0.058		mutation/genome/replication 372	Chromosome number (2n)	Gorilla Gorilla species	48		unitless 373	Chloroplast volume	Plant cell	3		um3 374	ribosomal protein mRNA	African clawed frog Xenopus laevis	10		ng 375	Q10 (5–20°C) of Shaker K+ channel peak amplitude	Fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster	1.51		Unitless 376	Chromosome number (2n)	Guinea Pig Cavia porcellus	16		unitless 377	Number of chlorophyll per reaction center	Plants	400	100-700	unitless 378	ribosomal protein mRNA	African clawed frog Xenopus laevis	20000000000		transcripts 379	Q10 (5–20°C) of Shaker K+ channel activation time constant	Fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster	3.14		Unitless 380	Number of cell divisions in an average human lifespan	Human Homo sapiens	1.00E+17		Cell divisions 381	Diffusion rate of Adenylate kinase	Pig Sus species	10.2		10^-7*cm^2/sec 382	actin mRNA	African clawed frog Xenopus laevis	1		ng 383	Q10 (5–20°C) of Shaker K+ channel inactivation time constant	Fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster	7.2		Unitless 384	number of DNA damage events caused by oxidative damage	Human Homo sapiens	1000		bases damaged per cell per day 385	Diffusion rate of Bence Jones REI	Pig Sus species	10		10^-7*cm^2/sec 386	actin mRNA	African clawed frog Xenopus laevis	500000000		transcripts 387	Q10 (5–20°C) of Shaker K+ channel ratio b/w steady-state & peak current	Fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster	2.95		Unitless 388	Water as percentage of the total wet weight	Mammalian tissue culture cell	70		Percent 389	Diffusion rate of Subtilisin novo	Pig Sus species	9.04		10^-7*cm^2/sec 390	Hsp70 mRNA	African clawed frog Xenopus laevis	0.004		ng 391	Diffusion rate of Lysozyme	Chicken Gallus gallus	11.3		10^-7*cm^2/sec 392	Diffusion rate of Malate dehydrogenase	Pig Sus species	5.76		10^-7*cm^2/sec 393	Hsp70 mRNA	African clawed frog Xenopus laevis	1000000		transcripts 394	Molecular weight of Lysozyme	Chicken Gallus gallus	14320		Dalton 395	Molecular weight of Adenylate kinase	Pig Sus species	21640		Dalton 396	Ribosomes	African clawed frog Xenopus laevis	1E+12		ribosomes 397	Genome Size	Human Homo sapiens	3000000000		Base pairs 398	Molecular weight of Bence Jones REI	Pig Sus species	23500		Dalton 399	Yolk protein	African clawed frog Xenopus laevis	250		ug 400	Number of genes	Human Homo sapiens	23000		Genes 401	Molecular weight of Subtilisin novo	Pig Sus species	27530		Dalton 402	non-yolk protein	African clawed frog Xenopus laevis	25		ug 403	Diffusion rate of Chymotrypsinogen	Human Homo sapiens	9.48		10^-7*cm^2/sec 404	Molecular weight of Malate dehydrogenase	Pig Sus species	74900		Dalton 405	non-yolk protein	African clawed frog Xenopus laevis	5E+14		proteins 406	Diffusion rate of Superoxide dismutase	Human Homo sapiens	8.92		10^-7*cm^2/sec 407	TRPV1 Q10 (41–50°C)	Rat Rattus norvegicus	27		Unitless 408	Histones	African clawed frog Xenopus laevis	140		ng 409	Molecular weight of Chymotrypsinogen	Human Homo sapiens	25670		Dalton 410	Q10 (47–51°C) of heat activated current in DRG neurons	Rat Rattus norvegicus	17.8		Unitless 411	Histones	African clawed frog Xenopus laevis	5E+12		histone proteins 412	Molecular weight of Superoxide dismutase	Human Homo sapiens	33900		Dalton 413	Chromosome number (2n)	Rat Rattus norvegicus	42		unitless 414	Nucleoplasmin	African clawed frog Xenopus laevis	250		ng 415	Mutation rate per base pair per replication	Human Homo sapiens	5E-11		mutation/bp/replication 416	number of DNA damage events caused by oxidative damage	Rat Rattus norvegicus	10000		bases damaged per cell per day 417	Nucleoplasmin	African clawed frog Xenopus laevis	5E+12		nucleoplasmin proteins 418	Mutation rate per genome per replication	Human Homo sapiens	0.16		mutation/genome/replication 419	Water as percentage of the total wet weight	Rat Rattus norvegicus	74		Percent 420	RNA polymerase I and II	African clawed frog Xenopus laevis	100000		greater than a somatic cell 421	absolute abundance of p53	Human Homo sapiens	160000	16 ± 6 x 10^4	unitless 422	Protein percentage by weight in red blood cells	Unspecified	35		Percent 423	RNA polymerase III	African clawed frog Xenopus laevis	500000		greater than a somatic cell 424	DNA double strand breaks induced by ionizing radiation [DSB per Gray per cell]	Human Homo sapiens	36		unitless 425	Minimal generation time	Bacteria Rhizobium japonicum	402.5	344-461	Minutes 426	Each dNTP	African clawed frog Xenopus laevis	12.5	15-Oct	pmol 427	Chromosome number (2n)	Human Homo sapiens	46		unitless 428	median haploid cell volume	Budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae	42		micron^3 429	rGTP	African clawed frog Xenopus laevis	250		pmol 430	Minimal generation time	Bacteria Lactobacillus acidophilus	76.5	66-87	Minutes 431	median haploid cell volume	Budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae	37		micron^3 432	Methionine	African clawed frog Xenopus laevis	40		pmol 433	Cell diameter	Mammalian tissue culture cell	15	20-Oct	um 434	Number of Zn ions in YPD	Budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae	80000000		Unitless 435	Cell volume	Mammalian tissue culture cell	2250	500 - 4000	um3 436	Number of Se ions in YPD	Budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae	60000000		Unitless 437	Mitochondria length	Mammalian tissue culture cell	1		um 438	Number of S ions in YPD	Budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae	500000000		Unitless 439	Mitochondria volume	Mammalian tissue culture cell	0.5		um3 440	Number of P ions in YPD	Budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae	5000000000		Unitless 441	Nuclear diameter	Mammalian tissue culture cell	7.5	10-May	um 442	Number of Ni ions in YPD	Budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae	20000000		Unitless 443	Nuclear volume	Mammalian tissue culture cell	283	66 - 500	um3 444	Number of Na ions in YPD	Budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae	200000000		Unitless 445	number of depurination events	Mammalian tissue culture cell	10000		bases depurinated per cell per day 446	Number of Mn ions in YPD	Budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae	500000		unitless 447	number of depyrimidination events	Mammalian tissue culture cell	500		bases depyrimidinated per cell per day 448	Nuclear volume (average)	Budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae	2.9		um3 449	Protein percentage by weight in mammalian tissue culture cell	Unspecified	21.5	17-26	Percent 450	Nuclear:cell volume ratio	Budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae	0.07		Unitless 451	Median cell volume of a haploid budding yeast in glucose medium (S288c background)	Budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae	42		um3 452	Cell diameter	Budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae	5		um 453	Cell volume	Budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae	66		um3 454	Cell length	Fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe	7		um 455	Cell diameter	Fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe	2		um 456	Cell volume	Fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe	22		um3 457	Cell length at division	Fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe	13.5		um 458	Mutation rate per base pair per replication	Budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae	2.2E-10		mutation/bp/replication 459	Mutation rate per genome per replication	Budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae	0.0027		mutation/genome/replication 460	Genome Size	Budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae	12156678		Base pairs 461	Diffusion rate of Myoglobin	Sperm whale Physeter macrocephalus	11.3		10^-7*cm^2/sec 462	Molecular weight of Myoglobin	Sperm whale Physeter macrocephalus	17800		Dalton 463	Protein percentage by weight in axoplasm	Squid	5		Percent 464	Minimal generation time	Bacteria Staphylococcus aureus	28.5	27-30	Minutes 465	Minimal generation time	Bacteria Lactococcus lactis	26		Minutes 466	Minimal generation time	Bacteria Lactococcus lactis	48		Minutes 467	Number of chlorophyll pigments in PSI	Cyanobacteria Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942	96		unitless 468	Minimal generation time	Bacteria Bacillus megaterium	25		Minutes 469	Molecular weight of Carbonic anhydrase	B. amyloliq. 28800		Dalton 470	Diffusion rate of Carbonic anhydrase	B. amyloliq. 10.7		10^-7*cm^2/sec 471	Water as percentage of the total wet weight in an axon	Unspecified	87		Percent 472	Time for O2 replenishment by photosynthesis	Not applicable	2000		years 473	Total CO2 in atmosphere	Atmosphere	8E+14		kg 474	Number of genes	Thale cress Arabidopsis thaliana	25498		unitless 475	Chromosome number (2n)	Thale cress Arabidopsis thaliana	10		unitless 476	Chromosome number (2n)	Mosquito Anapheles gambiae	6		unitless 477	Number of genes	Mosquito Anapheles gambiae	13600		Genes 478	Genome Size	Mosquito Anapheles gambiae	280000000		Base pairs 479	Chromosome number (2n)	Adder's Tongue Fern	1262		unitless 480	Water flow through aquaporin 1 channel	Generic	500000000		molecules/second 481	Globular protein volume	Generic	0.000000066		um3 482	Globular protein diameter	Generic	5		nm 483	Ribosome volume	Generic	0.000014		um3 484	Ribosome diameter	Generic	30		nm 485	Number of rRNA genes	Bacteria Vibrio natriegens	13		Unitless 486	Free calcium(2+) intercellular blastocoel concentration	African clawed frog Xenopus laevis	1.12	plus/minus 0.04	mM 487	Total calcium(2+) in frog egg	African clawed frog Xenopus laevis	6.5E-09	5x10-9 - 8x10-9	mol 488	Total magnesium(2+) in frog egg	African clawed frog Xenopus laevis	1.45E-08	12x10-9 - 17x10-9	mol 489	Total potassium (1+) in frog egg	African clawed frog Xenopus laevis	0.00000006		mol 490	Total sodium (1+) in frog egg	African clawed frog Xenopus laevis	0.00000005		mol 491	Median cell size of a diploid budding yeast in glucose medium (S288c background)	Budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae	82		um3 492	Mean nuclear volume of a haploid budding yeast in glucose medium (S288c background)	Budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae	2.9	SD of 0.9	um3 493	CO2 emissions due to vulcanism	Biosphere	0.035	0.02-0.05	10^15 gram Carbon/year 494	Length of eukaryotic cilia and flagella	Unspecified	10		um 495	Diameter of the smallest eukaryote Ostreococcus tauri	Ostreococcus tauri	1		um 496	Percentage of human cancers worldwide attributable to viruses	Human Homo sapiens	20		% 497	Increased risk of Kaposi's sarcoma in transplant patients	Human Homo sapiens	450	400-500	fold increase 498	Increased risk of squamous cell vulvar and anal carcinomas in transplant patients	Human Homo sapiens	100		fold increase 499	Mass of Escherichia coli in excess of displaced buffer	Bacteria Escherichia coli	110	30	fg 500	Mass of Bacillus subtilis cell in excess of displaced buffer	Bacteria Bacillus subtilis	150	40	fg 501	Diameter of Xenopus tropicalis eggs	Frog Xenopus tropicalis	0.75	0.7 to 0.8	cm 502	Diameter of the egg of the frog Xenopus laevis	Frog Xenopus laevis	1.15	1 to 1.3	cm 503	Number of eggs laid per spawning	Frog Xenopus laevis	650	300 to 1000	eggs 504	Number of eggs laid per spawning	Frog Xenopus tropicalis	5000	1000 to 9000	eggs 505	Genome size	Frog Xenopus tropicalis	1700000000		base pairs 506	Generation time	Frog Xenopus laevis	10	8 to 12	months 507	Generation time	Frog Xenopus tropicalis	3.75	3 to 4.5	months 508	Diameter of peripheral blood lymphocytes	Human Homo sapiens	7.5	8-Jul	um 509	Diameter of monocytes	Human Homo sapiens	15	18-Dec	um 510	Diameter of erythrocytes	Human Homo sapiens	7.5		um 511	Diameter of neutrophils and eosinophils	Human Homo sapiens	11	12-Oct	um 512	Percentage of the white blood cells in blood that are neutrophils	Human Homo sapiens	60	50-70	% 513	Percentage of white blood cells in blood that are lymphocytes	Human Homo sapiens	30	25-30	% 514	Percentage of white blood cells in blood that are monocytes	Human Homo sapiens	5	7-Mar	% 515	Diameter of plasma cells	Human Homo sapiens	10.5	12-Sep	um 516	Number of copies of the chromosome	Cyanobacteria Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942	6.5		unitless 517	conversion efficiency from producers to primary consumers	Ecosystem	10		Percent 518	Conversion efficiency from producers to primary consumers	Ecosystem	17		Percent 519	Conversion efficiency from primary to secondary consumers	Ecosystem	4.5		Percent 520	Shortest generation time of an insect	Aphid Rhopalosiphum prunifolia	4.7		days 521	Mean volume of freshly isolated T cells from spleen and mesenteric lymph nodes	Mouse Mus musculus	131.4	plus/minus 3.9	um3 522	Development time egg to adult	Drosophila melanogaster	7		days 523	Lifespan	Fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster	30		days 524	GC content	Green Algea Dunaliella viridis	51.1		Percent 525	GC content	Green algae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii	64		Percent 526	GC content	Cyanobacteria Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942	55.4		Percent 527	Number of genes	Cyanobacteria Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942	2728		unitless 528	Genome size	Cyanobacteria Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942	2796470		bp 529	GC content	Bacteria Escherichia coli	50.8		Percent 530	Length	Cyanobacteria Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942	3.1	5-Feb	micron 531	cell diameter	Cyanobacteria Synechocystis PCC 6803	1		micron 532	prokaryote abundance in top 1m of soil in forest	prokaryote	40000000		cells/gram of soil 533	prokaryote abundance in 1-8m depth of soil in forest	prokaryote	1000000		cells/gram of soil 534	prokaryote abundance in top 1m of soil	prokaryote	2000000000		cells/gram of soil 535	prokaryote abundance in 1-8m depth of soil	prokaryote	100000000		cells/gram of soil 536	prokaryote abundance in 1-8m depth of soil	prokaryote	100000000		cells/gram of soil 537	weight of a cubic meter of limestone	Biosphere	2600000		g/m^3 538	estimate weight of a cubic meter of soil	Biosphere	1000000		g/m^3 539	prokaryote abundance in top 1m of high metal abundance soil	prokaryote	2000000000	plus/minus 9e7	g/dry weight of soil 540	prokaryote abundance in top 1m of low metal abundance soil	prokaryote	2400000000	plus/minus 9e7	g/dry weight of soil 541	prokaryote abundance in top 1m of normal metal abundance soil	prokaryote	2600000000	plus/minus 1e8	g/dry weight of soil 542	Surface area of earth covered by land	Biosphere	148300000		km^2 543	Surface area of earth covered by water	Biosphere	361800000		km^2 544	Percent of land covered by snow	Biosphere	20		unitless 545	Percent of land covered by mountains	Biosphere	20		unitless 546	Percent of land covered by dry lands	Biosphere	20		unitless 547	Percent of land covered by good farmable lands	Biosphere	30		unitless 548	Percent of land covered by no topsoil	Biosphere	10		unitless 549	Number of prokaryotes in the top 200m of ocean	prokaryote	3.60E+28		cells 550	Number of prokaryotes in the top 1m of soil	prokaryote	2.60E+29		cells 551	Number of prokaryotes beneath 1m of soil	prokaryote		0.25-2.5e30	cells 552	Number of prokaryotes beneath 200m of ocean	prokaryote	6.50E+28		cells 553	Calculation of species diversity in non contaminated soil	prokaryote	8300000		species/gram 554	Calculation of species diversity in low metal contaminated soil	prokaryote	6400		species/gram 555	Calculation of species diversity in high metal contaminated soil	prokaryote	790		species/gram 556	Number of prokaryotes in human colon	prokaryote	7E+13		cells/organ 557	Number of prokaryotes in termite hindgut	prokaryote	2700000		cells 558	Number of prokaryotes in cattle rumen	prokaryote	2.00E+15		cells/organ 559	Number of prokaryotes in human colon world-wide	prokaryote	3.90E+23		cell 560	Number of prokaryotes in termite hindgut world-wide	prokaryote	6.50E+23		cell 561	Number of prokaryotes in cattle rumen world-wide	prokaryote	2.90E+24		cell 562	Total ATP demand in hepatocyte cell	Turtle	67		microMole ATP/g/hour 563	ATP demand for Na+ pump in hepatocyte cell as percent of total consumption	Turtle	28.5		Percent 564	ATP demand for protein synthesis in hepatocyte cell as percent of total consumption	Turtle	36.4		Percent 565	ATP demand for protein breakdown in hepatocyte cell as percent of total consumption	Turtle	16.6		Percent 566	ATP demand for urea synthesis in hepatocyte cell as percent of total consumption	Turtle	3		Percent 567	ATP demand for gluconeogenesis in hepatocyte cell as percent of total consumption	Turtle	17		Percent 568	Total ATP demand in hepatocyte cell under anoxic conditions	Turtle	6.3		microMole ATP/g/hour 569	Barbed end Actin-ATP association rate constant	Unspecified	12		1/s 570	Barbed end Actin-ATP dissociation rate constant	Unspecified	1.4		1/(uM*s) 571	Barbed end Actin-ADP association rate constant	Unspecified	4		1/(uM*s) 572	Barbed end Actin-ADP dissociation rate constant	Unspecified	8		1/s 573	Pointed end Actin-ATP association rate constant	Unspecified	1.3		1/(uM*s) 574	Pointed end Actin-ATP dissociation rate constant	Unspecified	0.8		1/s 575	Pointed end Actin-ADP association rate constant	Unspecified	0.16		1/(uM*s) 576	Pointed end Actin-ADP dissociation rate constant	Unspecified	0.3		1/s 577	Half time for hydrolysis of bound ATP-actin	Unspecified	2		seconds 578	Half time of phosphate dissociation for ADP-Pi-actin	Unspecified	350		seconds 579	Surface Area of Human Skin	Human Homo sapiens		1.6-1.8	m^2 580	Length of a C. elegans nematode	Nematode Caenorhabditis elegans	1		mm 581	number of eggs layed during life span	Nematode Caenorhabditis briggsae	300		Unitless 582	Number of somatic cell nuclei in an adult hermaphrodite	Nematode Caenorhabditis elegans	959		Unitless 583	Number of somatic cells in an adult male	Nematode Caenorhabditis elegans	1031		Unitless 584	number of cells in a hatched larvae	Nematode Caenorhabditis elegans	558		Unitless 585	Cellulose microfibrils tensile modulus	Plants		>10^11	N/m^2 586	Cell wall as percent of plant cell dry matter	Plants		45-65	Percent 587	Cellulose as percent of cell wall	Plants		35-50	Percent 588	Hemicellulose as percent of cell wall	Plants		20-35	Percent 589	Lignin as percent of cell wall	Plants		25-Oct	Percent 590	Ratio of carbon to phosphorus in phytoplankton	phytoplankton	106		unitless 591	Ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus in phytoplankton	phytoplankton	16		unitless 592	Ratio of silicon to phosphorus in phytoplankton	Diatoms	15		unitless 593	Plasmodesmata openings in the cell wall as percentage of the surface area of a cell	Plants		0.1-0.5	Percent 594	Number of plasmodesmata openings in the cell wall per square micrometer	Plants		10-Feb	micron^(-2) 595	Plasmodesmata diameter	Plants	50	20-200	nanometer 596	Carbon content in organic dry matter	Biosphere		0.45-0.5	g C per g dry matter 597	Total terrestrial net primary productivity (NPP) of the biosphere	Biosphere	120		Pg dry weight/year 598	Genome size and chromosome number database website	Generic		Database link	N/A 599	BRENDA - a database of enzyme properties	Generic		Database link	N/A 600	CyberCell Project - statistics on the bacteria E.coli	Bacteria Escherichia coli		Database link	N/A 601	yeastgfp - a database of protein abundance in yeast	Budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae		Database link	N/A 602	Net primary producitivty - collection of references and values	Biosphere		Database link	N/A 603	Total net primary productivity of the biosphere (terrestrial and oceanic)	Biosphere	1.70E+17		g dry weight/year 604	Present day geothermal energy produced by earth	Biosphere	0.0292		W·m^-2 605	Energy content of carbohydrate	Generic	39.9		kJ/ gC 606	Global net primary productivity in terms of energy units	Biosphere	0.21		W/m^(-2) 607	Mutation rate of HIV reverse transcriptase in cells	HIV	0.00003		mutations per bp per cycle 608	Half-life of HIV infected cells in-vivo	HIV	1.6		days 609	Half-life of free HIV virions in plasma	HIV		28-110	minutes 610	Daily production HIV particles in untreated patients	HIV	1E+11		Virus particles per day 611	Affinity of transcription factors for nonspecific DNA	Generic		10^(-3)-10^(-6)	M 612	Concentration of DNA binding sites inside the cell	Bacteria Escherichia coli	0.01		M 613	Diffusion coefficient of human serum albumin in water	Human Homo sapiens	0.00000061		cm2/s 614	Diffusion coefficient of insulin in water	Human Homo sapiens	0.0000015		cm2/s 615	Diffusion coefficient of sucrose in water	Unspecified	0.0000052		cm2/s 616	Diffusion coefficient of oxygen in water	Unspecified	0.000018		cm2/s 617	Diffusion coefficient of oxygen in air	Unspecified	0.2		cm2/s 618	The ratio of the energy flux needed to support a living cell to the output flux from the sun (for same weight)	Unspecified	100000		unitless 619	Actin stall force	Unspecified	7.7	-1.3	pN per Filament 620	Actin, density of barbed ends at the leading edge of a protrusion	Unspecified	1370	-578	Filaments/micrometer square 621	focal adhesion stress on substrate	Unspecified	5.5	-2	nN*micron^(-2) 622	Mean wall shear stress in an aorta	Unspecified		4.7-10.4	dynes/cm^2 623	Smallest genome of an endosymbiont bacteria	Carsonella ruddii	159662		bp 624	The Protein Kinase Complement of the Human Genome	Human Homo sapiens	518		unitless 625	The number of kinases in the mouse kinome	Mouse Mus musculus	540		unitless 626	The number of kinases in the c. elegans kinome	Nematode Caenorhabditis elegans	438		unitless 627	Genomics, evolution and function of protein kinases	Generic		Database link	N/A 629	Alanine abundance	Bacteria Escherichia coli	9.6		Percent 630	Arginine abundance	Bacteria Escherichia coli	5.5		Percent 631	Aspartate & asparginine abundance	Bacteria Escherichia coli	9		Percent 632	Cysteine abundance	Bacteria Escherichia coli	1.7		Percent 633	Glutamate & glutamine abundance	Bacteria Escherichia coli	9.8		Percent 634	Glycine abundance	Bacteria Escherichia coli	11.5		Percent 635	Histidine abundance	Bacteria Escherichia coli	1.8		Percent 636	Isoleucine abundance	Bacteria Escherichia coli	5.4		Percent 637	Leucine abundance	Bacteria Escherichia coli	8.4		Percent 638	Lysine abundance	Bacteria Escherichia coli	6.4		Percent 639	Methionine abundance	Bacteria Escherichia coli	2.9		Percent 640	Phenylalanine abundance	Bacteria Escherichia coli	3.5		Percent 641	Proline abundance	Bacteria Escherichia coli	4.1		Percent 642	Serine abundance	Bacteria Escherichia coli	4		Percent 643	Threonine abundance	Bacteria Escherichia coli	4.7		Percent 644	Tryptophan abundance	Bacteria Escherichia coli	1.1		Percent 645	Tyrosine abundance	Bacteria Escherichia coli	2.6		Percent 646	Valine abundance	Bacteria Escherichia coli	7.9		Percent 647	Ratio of energy expenditure for protein polymerization to mRNA polymerization	Bacteria Escherichia coli	20		unitless 648	Number of metabolic compounds	Bacteria Escherichia coli	442		unitless 649	Number of metabolic compounds	Budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae		>700	unitless 650	ORF transcriptome: expression levels, half lives and transcriptional freqency	Budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae		Database link	N/A 651	elemental composition - percent carbon in dry mass	Bacteria Escherichia coli	50		Percent 652	elemental composition - percent oxygen in dry mass	Bacteria Escherichia coli	20		Percent 653	elemental composition - percent nitrogen in dry mass	Bacteria Escherichia coli	14		Percent 654	elemental composition - percent hydrogen in dry mass	Bacteria Escherichia coli	8		Percent 655	elemental composition - percent phosphorus in dry mass	Bacteria Escherichia coli	3		Percent 656	elemental composition - percent potassium in dry mass	Bacteria Escherichia coli	2		Percent 657	elemental composition - percent sulfur in dry mass	Bacteria Escherichia coli	1		Percent 658	elemental composition - percent calcium in dry mass	Bacteria Escherichia coli	0.05		Percent 659	elemental composition - percent magnesium in dry mass	Bacteria Escherichia coli	0.05		Percent 660	elemental composition - percent chlorine in dry mass	Bacteria Escherichia coli	0.05		Percent 661	elemental composition - percent iron in dry mass	Bacteria Escherichia coli	0.2		Percent 662	elemental composition - percent trace elements in dry mass (manganese, cobalt, copper, zinc, molybdenum)	Bacteria Escherichia coli	0.3		Percent 663	average RNA polymerase II transcription elongation rate	Mammalian tissue culture cell	6.3		nt/sec 664	maximum RNA polymerase II transcription elongation rate	Mammalian tissue culture cell	71.6		nt/sec 665	RNA polymerase II pause residence time	Mammalian tissue culture cell	240	204-307	seconds 666	single molecule RNA polymerase II transcription rates	Generic	12.8	SD=4.9	nt/sec 667	Peclet number for hydrodynamic flow of metabolites outside Volvox carteri	Volvox carteri		100-300	unitless 668	DNA double helix diameter	Generic	20		A 669	DNA helix rise per base pair	Generic	3.4		A 670	DNA base pairs per helical turn	Generic	10.5		unitless 671	distance per turn of the double helix in DNA	Generic	36		unitless 672	Number of RelA molecules per fibroblast of average volume 2000 um3	Human Homo sapiens	60000		molecules per cell 673	Water use efficency (WUE) in C3 plants	Plants		3-Jan	g CO2 per kg H2O 674	Water use efficency (WUE) in C4 plants	Plants		5-Feb	g CO2 per kg H2O 675	Water use efficency (WUE) in CAM plants	Plants		Oct-40	g CO2 per kg H2O 676	Net rate of photosynthesis JCO2	Plants	10		microMol CO2 per m^2 per sec 677	flux density of water vapor loss in a leaf	Plants	4.3		milliMol H2O per m^2 per sec 678	Number of non-reproducing, biflagellated somatic cells	Volvox carteri	2000		cells/colony 679	Number of nonflagellated, reproductive cells	Volvox carteri	16		cells/colony 680	Investment in reproductive structures as percent of total above-ground productivity	oak trees		2–27	Percent 681	GC content	Human Homo sapiens	41		Percent 682	GC content	Thale cress Arabidopsis thaliana	36		Percent 683	Number of genes	Green algae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii	15143		Genes 684	Number of tRNA	Green algae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii	259		Unitless 685	Number of tRNA	Human Homo sapiens	497		Unitless 686	Number of tRNA	Thale cress Arabidopsis thaliana	589		Unitless 687	Doubling time of cell lines	Human Homo sapiens		Database link	N/A 688	Amino acid indices, substitution matrices and pair-wise contact potentials	Generic		Database link	N/A 689	planets in solar system	Generic	8	9-Aug	Unitless 690	brain weights amd composition	Generic		Database link	N/A 691	Average brain weight	Human Homo sapiens		1300 - 1400	gram 692	Average number of neurons in the brain	Human Homo sapiens	1E+11		unitless 693	Average number of glial cells in brain per neuron	Human Homo sapiens		Oct-50	unitless 694	Length of myelinated nerve fibers in brain	Human Homo sapiens		150,000-180,000	km 695	Number of synapses in cortex	Human Homo sapiens	1.5E+14		unitless 696	Time until unconsciousness after loss of blood supply to brain	Human Homo sapiens		10-Aug	sec 697	Time until reflex loss after loss of blood supply to brain	Human Homo sapiens		40-110	sec 698	Number of fibers in human optic nerve	Human Homo sapiens	1200000		unitless 699	Number of inner hair cells in cochlea	Human Homo sapiens	3500		unitless 700	Number of outer hair cells in cochlea	Human Homo sapiens	12000		unitless 701	Hearing frequency range	Human Homo sapiens		20-20000	Hertz 702	Total number of taste buds	Human Homo sapiens	10000		unitless 703	Diameter of taste bud	Human Homo sapiens		30-60	micron 704	Number of receptors on each taste bud	Human Homo sapiens		50-150	unitless 705	Number of olfactory receptor cells	Human Homo sapiens	12000000		unitless 706	Number of cilia per olfactory receptor cell	Human Homo sapiens		30-Oct	unitless 707	Average time between blinks	Human Homo sapiens	2.8		sec 708	Average duration of a single eye blink	Human Homo sapiens		0.1-0.4	sec 709	Number of retinal cone receptor cells	Human Homo sapiens		5000000-6000000	unitless 710	Number of retinal rod receptor cells	Human Homo sapiens		120-140 million	unitless 711	Amount of photons necessary to excite a rod	Human Homo sapiens		1	unitless 712	Amount of photons necessary to excite a cone	Human Homo sapiens		100	unitless 713	Weight of skin	Human Homo sapiens	4.1		kg 714	Number of tactile receptors in the hand	Human Homo sapiens	17000		unitless 715	Thermal pain threshold	Human Homo sapiens	45		deg C 716	Mass of a large sensory neuron	Human Homo sapiens	0.000001		gram 717	Number of synapses for a "typical" neuron	Human Homo sapiens		1000-10000	unitless 718	Conduction velocity of action potential	Unspecified		0.6-120	m/s 719	Single sodium pump maximum transport rate of Na ions	Unspecified		200	1/s 720	Single sodium pump maximum transport rate of K ions	Unspecified		130	1/s 721	Typical number of sodium pumps	Unspecified	1000		pumps/micron^2 722	Total number of sodium pumps for a small neuron	Unspecified	1000000		unitless 723	Typical synaptic cleft distance	Unspecified		20-40	nanometer 724	Number of molecules of neurotransmitter in one synaptic vesicle	Unspecified		5000	unitless 725	percent brain utilization of total resting oxygen	Human Homo sapiens		20	percent