User:Cheuk Ka Tong/Sandbox4

ATP regenerating systems
Pyruvate kinase (PK) catalyses the final step in glycolysis, the conversion of phosphoenolpyruvate to pyruvate with concomitant phosphorylation of ADP to ATP. The enzyme requires both magnesium and potassium ions for its activity.
 * ADP + phosphoenolpyruvate $$\longrightarrow$$ ATP + pyruvate

Creatine kinase (CK) catalyses the conversion of creatine phosphate to creatine with concomitant phosphorylation of ADP to ATP. This enzyme acts in tissues that consume ATP rapidly, especially in skeletal muscle.
 * ADP + creatine phosphate $$\longrightarrow$$ ATP + creatine

ATP expenditure Energy efficiency of the expression reaction
 * Per amino acid incorporated

Vesicle Formation

 * 1) Efficiency of encapsulation in bilayer vesicles
 * 2) *Emulsification of vesicle content
 * 3) *Transfer from lipid-oil to aqueous phase
 * 4) Probability of gene expression
 * 5) *Size of vesicles vs. size of E. coli
 * 6) *Density of vesicles
 * 7) *Lifespan of vesicles