Holcombe:ProgrammingInR

R is an interactive programming language for statistics. The syntax is very idiosyncratic, and not really in a good way. Try R for programmers for a description. However it may have menu-driven versions maybe available R commander we haven't tried that and another one is pmg GTK maybe here

In the lab we have the book Using R for Introductory Statistics. R_Statistics introduces you to R

Dani has posted some example code and graphs on his personal website.

R reference cheatsheet, also a file here [[Media:Matlab-python-xref.pdf‎]] that gives equivalent code for doing array operations in MATLAB, Python, and R plot parameters

There is a wiki with some good tips here. Also Data frame tips, list of R websites

Functions in R can only return one parameter.

dataframe tips
Examining your data frame or object, let's say it's called datos typeof(datos) #returns "list!" str(datos) #tells you it's a dataframe, number of observations, columns, etc head(datos) str(datos) summary(datos) #good for ggplot objects also

df$varWithExtraLevels = factor(df$varWithExtraLevels)

length(df) #number of columns of dataframe

names(df) #names of columns of dataframe

library(Hmisc); describe(df)


 * 1) Calling typeof on a dataframe returns "list"

rm(objectToBeDeleted) rm(list = ls) #Delete nearly everything in memory

expand.grid to create dataframe with every combination of some factors

Check your counterbalancing in your results file. Make a contingency table, table(dataRaw$speed,dataRaw$relPhaseOuterRing)

Replace certain value with another thr$thresh[ thr$task=='ident' ] = NA

Creating Graphs (usu. ggplot2)
how I Holcombe:fit psychometric functions and bootstrap

See http://openwetware.org/wiki/Holcombe:Plotting

Debugging in R
How to examine and try things with a questionable variable within a function?

ee <<- resultsMeans #make global, violating all principles of good coding #DEBUG STOP

After an error, calling traceback gives you the stack

doing ANOVAs etc
some aov (ANOVA) explanation

R will assume factor is regressor if numeric

I think I had too many error terms reducing error terms

Anovas with repeated measures can be complicated in R.

We have some R books in the lab

Dealing with circular data
von Mises vs. wrapped Gaussian,

see Swindale, N. V. (1998). Orientation tuning curves: empirical description and estimation of parameters. Biol Cybern, 78(1), 45-56.

Setting up a proxy in R on a Mac
The easiest way to set up a proxy is simply to create a file called ".Rprofile" (make sure the file does note have a .txt or .rtf extension. Textwrangler will automatically give it an extension, it may be best to create the file using Vi in a terminal - using emacs probably won't work) in your user directory (~ or /Users/username/) with the line: Then restart R. This information (and more) can be found on Ken Benoit's webpage

For Sydney Uni, use: