User:Slokwong/Module 4: Biomaterial Engineering

Project Overview
Intro: reference article from MIT news
 * A study by MIT and HKU researchers showed that some biodegradable liquids can stop bleeding in seconds. Peptides self-assemble in to a gel to seal the wound and stop the bleeding. Once the wound is healed, the cells use the gel to repair tissue. Using this concept, we propose to find a material that can target tumors and then contain them so that they can't grow or metastasize. After the tumor is contained, a variety of drugs or therapies can be applied to it to eliminate it.

Background

 * Tumor cells vs. normal cells
 * Pysical changes in tumor cells
 * distribution and activity of microfilaments and microtubules
 * change ways of cell interaction with nearby cells
 * alter cell appearance, adhesion (reduction), movement (increased)
 * shape and organization of nucleus
 * chance in appearance useful in diagnosis/staging of tumors
 * secretion of enzymes enabling invasion of nearby tissue
 * enzymes digest barriers

Problem and Goals

 * Find effective way of containing/treating tumors. Find gel that specifically binds to tumor which can improve drug delivery techniques.

Project details and methods

 * Finding the difference between tumor and normal cells (discovering the peptide in which the gel can bind to)
 * Creating the peptide binding gel
 * insertion
 * binding specific site
 * take from inorganic concept...
 * Application (how to assist drug delivery)

Predicted Outcomes

 * Pitfalls
 * can't find a peptide to bind
 * binds to more things than just the tumor

Resources
[1] http://web.mit.edu/newsoffice/2006/hemostasis.html

Ellis-Behnke, R. G.; Y. Liang; D. Tay; P. Kau; G. Schneider; S. Zhang; W. Wu; K. So. 2006. Nano hemostat solution: immediate hemostasis at the nanoscale. Nanomedicine 2: 207-215.


 * They used a self-assembling solution (NHS-1) that was prepared using a RADA16-I synthetic dry powder obtained from MIT Zhang lab. The study describes experiments testing for how the solution works. They also compared the efficiency of the NHS-1 solution with saline and cautery treated controls. They found that in all cases the NHS-1 worked better.

[2] Ellis-Behnke, R. G.; Y. Liang; S. You; D. Tay; S. Zhang; K. So G. Schneider. 2006. Nano neuro knitting: Peptide nanofiber scaffold for brain repair and axon regeneration with functional return of vision. PNAS 103: 5054-5059.


 * Describes how the self-assembling peptide nanofiber scaffold was created and how it works.

[3] Davis, M.; J.P. Motion; D. Narmoneva; T. Takahashi; D. Hakuno; R. Kamm; S. Zhang; R. Lee. 2005. Injectable Self-Assembling Peptide Nanofibers Create Intramyocardial Microenvironments for Endothelial Cells. Circulation 111: 442-450.


 * They demonstrated that self-assembling peptides can be injected and that the resulting nanofiber microenvironments can be detected.

[4] Nagai, Y.; L. Unsworth; S. Koutsopoulos; S. Zhang. 2006. Slow release of molecules in self-assembling peptide nanofiber scaffold. Journal of Controlled Release 115: 18-25.


 * Describes the structure of self-assmebling peptide nanofibers.

[5] http://www.innovitaresearch.org/news/06102501.html


 * Describes self-assembling peptide nanofiber scaffolds and what they are used for.

[6] http://www.pnas.org/cgi/content/abstract/99/15/9996

Kisiday,J.; M. Jindagger; B. KurzDagger; H. HungDagger; C. Semino; S. Zhang, and A. J. Grodzinsky. Self-assembling peptide hydrogel fosters chondrocyte extracellular matrix production and cell division: Implications for cartilage tissue repair.
 * They devised a self-assembling peptide hydrogel scafford for cartilage repair as well as a method to encapsulate chondrocytes within a peptide hydrogel.